“…Since World War 2, Iranians have been positioned at the heart of the political and ideological clashes between Iran and its Western political adversaries (Zibakalam, 2016(Zibakalam, , 2019. The outcomes of these positionings and clashes include the formation of an anti-colonial discourse, subsequent resistance and a sensitivity of many Iranians to the West (Mirsepassi, 2017;Pesaran, 2008). Being sensitised to Western colonial and hegemonic attitudes that are the product of European empires is, therefore, central to postcoloniality (Bhabha, 1994;Gandhi, 2019;Loomba, 2015;Said, 1978Said, , 1994Spivak, 1988Spivak, , 2010Spring, 2008).…”