Transnational ties and ethnic identities in the parental homeland: second-generation Indian Americans in India

Personal social networks as a superdiversity dimension: A qualitative approach with second-generation Americans

“…In recent years, social science studies have not been focusing on offspring when analyzing superdiversity, or at least when taking this conceptual framework into consideration as a whole. 1 Many studies have focused on second-generation adaptation, acculturation or integration through different facets of life and culture, such as language (Cantone, 2019; Stavans and Ashkenazi, 2020; Verhaeghe et al, 2019), religion or spirituality (Bruce, 2020; Falcke et al, 2020; Hoechner, 2020; Parnes et al, 2020; Shen, 2020), legal status (Labussière and Vink, 2020), marriage (Phillips et al, 2020), schooling (Bayona-i-Carrasco et al, 2020; Bissonnette et al, 2019; Chachashvili-Bolotin et al, 2019; Cheng and Yuen, 2019; De Feyter et al, 2020; Demintseva, 2020; Diaz, 2020; Orupabo et al, 2020; Volante et al, 2019), health (Zhu, 2019), employment (Briggs, 2020; Sakamoto and Hsu, 2020), mobilities (Marrow, 2020), national identification and belonginess (Bacchus, 2020; Etienne, 2020; Forrest et al, 2020; Marino, 2020; McClure, 2020; Schaefer and Simon, 2020; Solimene, 2019; Verhaeghe et al, 2020; Zhou and Rodríguez-Mantilla, 2020), political and/or civil society participation or activism (Khachikian, 2019; Le, 2020; Potochnick and Stegmaier, 2020; Terriquez and Lin, 2020), transnational practices (Brocket, 2020; Bruce, 2020; Hernández-León et al, 2020; Jain, 2019; Solimene, 2019), gender (Valdez and Tran, 2020), or attitudes towards others’ cultures (van Maaren and van de Rijt, 2020).…”

A study of the transnational journeys of British Asian music and musicians in the 21st century

“…It is particularly interesting to look at the very different ways in which DJ Frenzy and Bally Sagoo approached the past, as this has the potential to challenge the often-made claim that the newer generations of the diaspora tend to have weaker emotional ties towards the homeland (Jain, 2019, Tsuda, 2019. Indeed, I believe the evidence will show that the change of attitude that took place during the twenty-five years that separated the emergence of Bally Sagoo and that of DJ Frenzy occurred within a framework of larger cultural shifts.…”

“…The phenomenon of diasporas returning to their ancestral homeland, either permanently or for shorter periods, is a familiar theme in migration studies, where it is usually referred to as ethnic return migration. The concept of ethnic return migration (Tsuda, 2013), reverse transnationalism (Jain, 2019), or second-generation return migration (Reynolds, 2008) denotes a process that 'refers to later-generation descendants of diasporic peoples who "return" to their countries of ancestral origin after living outside their ethnic homelands for generations' (Tsuda, 2013: 172).…”

“…Economic incentives offered by the ancestral home country can also be important, as it is in the case of India, where Sonali Jain's research has shown that the growing IT sector has acted as an important economic pull factor for return migrants moving to India from the US (Jain, 2019: 651, Jain 2013.…”

“…When it comes to pull factors, we should mention the introduction of pro-NRI policies by the Indian state, that had ramifications for the labour market as well. Sonali Jain (2013Jain ( , 2019 and Carol Upadhya (2013) have called attention to the process of "reverse brain drain." They argued that the state policies easing access for NRIs to the Indian job market, as well as the quick development of the Indian IT sector resulted in the return of many highly trained NRIs from the diaspora to India.…”