Transnational Digital Identity as an Instrument for Global Digital Citizenship: The Case of Estonia’s E-Residency

Tammpuu, Piia; Masso, Anu

doi:10.1007/s10796-019-09908-y

Cited by 35 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…While overemphasising disadvantage, these approaches may obscure the production of systematic advantage (Hoffmann, 2019), because they have a one-dimensional focus. Including the perspectives of the 'global South' as a solution to data inequalities have been criticised due to the internal diversity of data subjects (Milan & Treré, 2019;Segura & Waisbord, 2019), even among digitally empowered high-skilled migrants (Patra, 2019;Tammpuu & Masso, 2019).…”

Section: Refugee Relocation Through Algorithmic Assignmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding power positions in a new digital landscape: perceptions of Syrian refugees and data experts on relocation algorithm

Masso

Kasapoglu

2020

Information, Communication & Society

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This study explores the differences and similarities between the perceptions of data experts and refugees as data subjects, in the context of a refugee relocation algorithm. The study conducted in-depth interviews with data experts and Syrian refugees in Estonia and Turkey. The results indicate that both refugees and data experts acknowledge the algorithms' potential power for structuring the everyday life experiences of people. Whereas refugees mainly focused on cultural and social concerns, the data experts underlined the importance of refugees' agency and the potential drawbacks of algorithms in terms of transparency and accountability. While both groups of interviewees thought the relocation algorithm could be useful especially in economic terms, the study demonstrates that algorithms create complex power relations and place extra pressure on both refugees and data experts. The new digital landscapes produced by algorithms entail a 'triple agency'an agency of experts developing and using these datafied solutions, an agency of data subjects being targets of those calculations, and an agency of algorithms. For solving the issue of 'false authority', where the modelling of spatial choice cannot grasp the socio-cultural reality, it is necessary to consider the socio-cultural context of the calculative devices. A paradigm shift in machine learning is necessary from learning machines as autonomous subjects to machines learning from social contexts and individuals' experiences. Rather than experimenting with algorithmic solutions to speed up decisions about human lives, migration policies and relevant datafied solutions should consider the diversity of human experiences expressed in individuals' everyday life.

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Section: Refugee Relocation Through Algorithmic Assignmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding power positions in a new digital landscape: perceptions of Syrian refugees and data experts on relocation algorithm

Masso

Kasapoglu

2020

Information, Communication & Society

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“…Applicants are fairly divided between EU and non-EU countries: 50.3% vs 49.7%, respectively (Tammpuu and Masso, 2019). Overall, most applicants are from Europe (65%) or from countries with high EGDI.…”

Section: Estonia's E-residency Programmementioning

confidence: 98%

“…In fact, every new tech innovation or digital service might represent, if not correctly designed, new or reinforcing sources of inequality (Taipale, 2013;Warf, 2014). With specific regard to Estonia's e-residency, Tammpuu and Masso (2019) signal how a country's economic and digital development impacts on the very possibility for its citizens to actually apply and take part in the programme. Indeed, today a large proportion of e-residents belong to countries with very high or high levels of economic and digital development.…”

Section: Digital Sustainability and E-residency As Mirroring Concepts-objectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring digital sustainability of/through Estonia’s e-residency: Africa’s case and the importance of culture for sustainability

Abaku

Calzati

Masso

2021

DPRG

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Purpose This paper aims to take the lead from the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 9 and 10 – foster “resilient infrastructures and inclusive innovation” and “reduce disparities of opportunities, income and power” – as key for digital sustainability. Moving beyond existing research, here this paper conceptualise “digital sustainability” as a framework for analysing the sustainability of digital services. Design/methodology/approach Combining different works, this paper identifies five dimensions: social, economic, institutional, environmental and technical. The framework is then tested on Estonia’s e-residency program, of which, in this way, this paper explores the potential digital sustainability. By allowing anyone to run location-independent businesses as if virtually in Estonia, the e-residency program aligns to what SDGs 9 and 10 prescribe in terms of socio-economic inclusiveness and inclusive innovation. As such, the program is particularly valuable for citizens from developing countries in that it gives them access to European markets. Hence, to explore e-residency’s digital sustainability, this paper focuses on the experiences of African e-residents. Findings In-depth interviews highlight a series of criticalities involving one or more dimensions of the framework. This is because of the program having a global outreach by default but not accommodating contextual diversity by design. Originality/value Suggestions for improving the program are provided, alongside the recommendation to also include the cultural dimension into the conceptualisation of digital sustainability.

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“…First, Tammpuu & Masso (2019) explore the level of penetration of a government digital infrastructure scheme and eservices in Estonia in 'Transnational Digital Identity as an Instrument for Global Digital Citizenship: The Case of Estonian E-residency'. They suggest that the individual choice of opting for a universal digital identity is affected by sociodemographic and macro-level characteristics.…”

Section: Impact On Stakeholders (Organizations Government and Citizmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moving beyond Smart Cities: Digital Nations for Social Innovation & Sustainability

et al. 2019

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The next step after smart cities is the creation of digital or smart nations. A digital nation requires a national transformation across diverse institutions including the urban and rural areas of a society. Besides diverse social innovation initiatives, sustainability is a key aspect, so that rather than greenfield projects, long-term solutions will involve brownfield, smart city projects. A digital transformation to a digital or smart nation requires a great deal of innovation in planning, process re-engineering and execution. Whereas research work and policy actions are traditionally focused on a city level, these efforts need to be widened to the national level. Existing city-scale theories and frameworks may be used and adapted to meet the larger-scale needs of the future smart nations. The new issues and research challenges which arise need to be addressed through interdisciplinary approaches. This special issue on the theme of digital nations attempts to address the need in the academic literature to provide a better understanding of digital nations.

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Transnational Digital Identity as an Instrument for Global Digital Citizenship: The Case of Estonia’s E-Residency

Cited by 35 publications

References 26 publications

Understanding power positions in a new digital landscape: perceptions of Syrian refugees and data experts on relocation algorithm

Understanding power positions in a new digital landscape: perceptions of Syrian refugees and data experts on relocation algorithm

Exploring digital sustainability of/through Estonia’s e-residency: Africa’s case and the importance of culture for sustainability

Moving beyond Smart Cities: Digital Nations for Social Innovation & Sustainability

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