Transmitter Identification Using Embedded Pseudo Random Sequences

Wang, Xianbin; Wu, Yiyan; Caron, Bernard

doi:10.1109/tbc.2004.834027

Cited by 125 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…If we assume the elements of to be independent Rayleigh block-stationary and quasi-static, then in (3) remains constant over the entire TFB for a total of symbols. Similarly, if the fingerprinting function is also designed to be block-stationary, then (4) can be written as (6) where , , is the fingerprinting function applied to the entire TFB, and is the block-stationary channel response experienced by the received TFB, . We construct as a composite signal composed of two components: the user-data signal and the embedded preamble and pilot signals used for channel estimation and equalization.…”

Section: System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the simulation in Section V, we will use a time-multiplexed (TM) single symbol preamble structure [15], which is given as (9) where and are the identity matrix and the zero matrix, respectively, with dimensionality denoted in the superscript . The expanded form of the TFB signal at the receiver (4), using (3), (6), and (7), becomes (10) where is the aggregate channel-like distortion.…”

Section: System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of PHY-layer fingerprinting approaches for wireless communications have been investigated using basic signal superposition methods [6]- [9]. The main disadvantage of blind superposition is that the fingerprint signal appears as interference to the original signal and is fully present when the signal is decoded, resulting in decreased SNR for the original signal.…”

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confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Extrinsic Channel-Like Fingerprinting Overlays Using Subspace Embedding

Goergen

Lin

Liu

et al. 2011

IEEE Trans.Inform.Forensic Secur.

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Abstract-We present a physical-layer fingerprint-embedding scheme for orthogonal frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM) transmissions, where the fingerprint signal conveys a low capacity communication suitable for authenticating the transmission and further facilitating secure communications. Our system strives to embed the fingerprint message into the noise subspace of the channel estimates obtained by the receiver, using a number of signal spreading techniques. When side information of the channel state is known and leveraged by the transmitter, the performance of the fingerprint embedding can be improved. When channel state information is not known, blind spreading techniques are applied. The fingerprint message is only visible to aware receivers who explicitly preform detection of the signal, but is invisible to receivers employing typical channel equalization. A taxonomy of overlay designs is discussed and these designs are explored through experiment using time-varying channel-state information (CSI) recorded from IEEE802.16e Mobile WiMax base stations. The performance of the fingerprint signal as received by a WiMax subscriber is demonstrated using CSI measurements derived from the downlink signal. Detection performance for the digital fingerprint message in time-varying channel conditions is also presented via simulation.

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Section: System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extrinsic Channel-Like Fingerprinting Overlays Using Subspace Embedding

Goergen

Lin

Liu

et al. 2011

IEEE Trans.Inform.Forensic Secur.

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show abstract

“…Similarly, Kleider et al [9] proposed a scheme where a low-power watermark signal is added to the data signal with spread-spectrum techniques. Wang et al [10] proposed a scheme for broadcast television where each transmitter adds a unique low-power signal to its transmissions in order to prove its identity to the receivers. The transparent transmission of data may also be realized by using multiresolution transmissions, where varying levels of protection are guaranteed for multiple data streams [11]- [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical-Layer Authentication

Baras

Sadler

2008

IEEE Trans.Inform.Forensic Secur.

229

133

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Abstract-Authentication is the process where claims of identity are verified. Most mechanisms of authentication (e.g., digital signatures and certificates) exist above the physical layer, though some (e.g., spread-spectrum communications) exist at the physical layer often with an additional cost in bandwidth. This paper introduces a general analysis and design framework for authentication at the physical layer where the authentication information is transmitted concurrently with the data. By superimposing a carefully designed secret modulation on the waveforms, authentication is added to the signal without requiring additional bandwidth, as do spread-spectrum methods. The authentication is designed to be stealthy to the uninformed user, robust to interference, and secure for identity verification. The tradeoffs between these three goals are identified and analyzed in block fading channels. The use of the authentication for channel estimation is also considered, and an improved bit-error rate is demonstrated for time-varying channels. Finally, simulation results are given that demonstrate the potential application of this authentication technique.

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“…A number of PHY-layer fingerprinting approaches for wireless digital communications have been investigated, using basic blind signal superposition methods. In [7] the superposition of low-power pseudo random sequences on digital television transmissions is discussed. In [8] and in [9] multiresolution approaches are considered for narrowband signals, where a low-power fingerprint constellation is superimposed onto the main signal constellation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extrinsic Channel-Like Fingerprint Embedding for Authenticating MIMO Systems

Goergen

Lin

Liu

et al. 2011

IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.

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Abstract-A framework for introducing an extrinsic fingerprint signal to space-time coded transmissions at the physical layer is presented, where the fingerprint signal conveys a low capacity cryptographically secure authentication message of arbitrary length. The multi-bit digital fingerprint message conveyed by the fingerprint signal is available to all users within reception range and is used to authenticate the fingerprinted transmission. A novel approach is discussed where the fingerprint signaling mechanism mimics distortions similar to time-varying channel effects. Specifically, the fingerprint is detectable to receivers considering previous channel state information, but will be ignored by receivers equalizing according to current channel state information. Two example fingerprint signaling mechanisms and detection rules are presented based on pulse-amplitude keying and phase-shift keying approaches. The methods for obtaining the real (intrinsic) channel estimate, the extrinsic fingerprint message, and the primary transmission are analytically demonstrated using general pilot embedding schemes. The worst-case distortions caused by non-ideal equalization of a fingerprinted message are derived using the 2x2 Alamouti code. Simulation results including bit error rate (BER) and model mismatch error using a maximum-likelihood (ML) receiver are presented for both the primary and fingerprint signal, while authentication signal BERs lower than the primary signal are demonstrated.

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Transmitter Identification Using Embedded Pseudo Random Sequences

Cited by 125 publications

References 4 publications

Extrinsic Channel-Like Fingerprinting Overlays Using Subspace Embedding

Extrinsic Channel-Like Fingerprinting Overlays Using Subspace Embedding

Physical-Layer Authentication

Extrinsic Channel-Like Fingerprint Embedding for Authenticating MIMO Systems

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