Transmitter circuits in the vertebrate retina

Massey, Stephen C.; Redburn, Dianna A.

doi:10.1016/0301-0082(87)90005-0

Cited by 292 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 214 publications

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“…The vertebrate retina has been shown to express a number of GABA receptor subtypes, including GABA, (for a review, see Yazulla, 1986;Massey and Redburn, 1987), GABA, (e.g., Maguire et al, 1989a,b;Slaughter and Bai, 1989;Pan and Slaughter, 1991), GABA, (Feigenspan et al, 1993;Qian and Dowling, 1993;Dong et al, 1994;Lukasiewicz et al, 1994), and GABA,,c-like receptors (Matthews et al, 1994). We first studied the pharmacology of GABA receptors on starburst cells by comparing the effects of various GABA receptor agonists.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotransmitter receptors of starburst amacrine cells in rabbit retinal slices

Zhou

Fain

1995

J. Neurosci.

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The receptor pharmacology of cholinergic (“starburst”) amacrine cells was studied in a newly developed rabbit retinal slice preparation with whole-cell patch clamp. Displaced starburst cells were labeled with the fluorescent dye 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and their dendritic morphology was identified in the slice with Lucifer yellow. Under conditions in which synaptic transmission was blocked by Cd2+, starburst cells responded vigorously to the bath-applied neurotransmitters GABA, glycine, and glutamate. The response to GABA consisted of an inward current and an increase in noise, which could be mimicked by the GABAA agonists muscimol and trans-4-aminocrotonic acid (TACA), but not by the GABAB agonist baclofen or the GABAC agonist cis- 4-aminocrotonic acid (CACA). The GABA-evoked currents were reversibly inhibited by bicuculline and picrotoxin and had a reversal potential close to the chloride equilibrium potential. Noise analysis of GABA- activated whole-cell currents yielded elementary conductance estimates of 12.5 pS. Glycine (30–200 microM) also activated a Cl- conductance in starburst cells, which could be completely blocked by strychnine. The non-NMDA agonists kainate (KA, 30–100 microM) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy- 5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA, 60 microM) evoked robust responses, which were reversibly blocked by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline- 2,3-dione (CNQX), and which reversed near the equilibrium potential for cations. NMDA coapplied with glycine in salines free of Cd2+ and Mg2+ elicited small but detectable responses. The I/V relation of the NMDA- evoked response showed a characteristic “J”-shaped region in a saline containing 1 mM Mg2+ and 0 Cd2+, indicating that NMDA receptors were present directly on starburst cells. This was consistent with our finding that whole-cell currents evoked by KA and NMDA had different noise characteristics. These results place new constraints on models of starburst cell function and suggest that GABA-mediated inhibition of the starburst cell itself may play an important role in directional selectivity in the retina.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotransmitter receptors of starburst amacrine cells in rabbit retinal slices

Zhou

Fain

1995

J. Neurosci.

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“…The flow of visual information in the vertical direction from the photoreceptors to bipolar cells and horizontal cells in the OPL and from bipolar cells to amacrine cells and ganglion cells in the IPL is mediated via glutamate (for review, see Massey, 1990). This flow of information is modulated by the laterally connecting inhibitory interneurons, horizontal cells and amacrine cells, that preferentially use GABA or glycine as their neurotransmitters (for review, see Brecha, 1983;Yazulla, 1986;Massey and Redburn, 1987;Marc, 1989). …”

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confidence: 99%

Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors mGluR1α and mGluR5a: Localization in Both Synaptic Layers of the Rat Retina

et al. 1997

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We examined the distribution of the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR1␣ and mGluR5a, in the adult rat retina and during postnatal development using receptorspecific antisera. In contrast to the restricted localization of group II and group III mGluRs to either the outer plexiform layer (OPL) or the inner plexiform layer (IPL), group I mGluRs are present in both synaptic layers in the rat retina. Double-labeling experiments and electron microscopy showed that in the OPL the two receptors are localized on the dendritic tips of bipolar cells postsynaptic to photoreceptor terminals. In the IPL the two mGluRs are localized on amacrine cell processes postsynaptic to bipolar cell terminals. These results suggest that group I mGluRs are involved in synaptic processing in both plexiform layers and in both the scotopic and photopic pathways in the rat retina. We propose that mGluR1␣ and mGluR5a play an important modulatory role in the responses of retinal neurons to inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters.

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“…Synaptic transmission from cone photoreceptors to second-order neurones in the vertebrate retina is now thought to be mediated by L-glutamate or a closely related MlS 7287 compound (for review see Massey & Redburn, 1987). It is also known that different glutamate analogues preferentially affect receptors on different types of bipolar and horizontal cells (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 2‐amino‐4‐phosphonobutyric acid on responsivity and spatial summation of X cells in the cat retina.

Chen

Linsenmeier

1989

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. We studied the effect of locally applied 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (APB) on the response of X-type cat retinal ganglion cells to stimulation by sinusoidal gratings of photopic mean luminance.2. Application of APB produced a decrease in the mean firing rate of on-centre X cells, but an increase in the mean firing rate of off-centre X cells.3. The response and responsivity of both on-and off-centre X cells to drifting sinusoidal gratings were suppressed by APB. Under control conditions, the response amplitude was linear with grating contrast for contrasts less than 10 %. During APB application, the slope of the contrast response curve was reduced, and linearity was maintained for a larger range of contrast.4. Assuming that APB acts selectively on the cone to depolarizing bipolar cell synapse, the suppression of the response of on-and off-centre X cells suggests a functional link between depolarizing bipolar cells and both types of X cell.5. Because APB reduces the centre response of both on-and off-centre X cells, caution should be observed in interpreting the effect of APB on higher visual centres in terms of the blockage of 'on' signals leaving the retina.6. By analysing the spatial frequency tuning curve before and during APB application in terms of the difference-of-Gaussians model of receptive field structure, it was found that the balance between the integrated strengths of the centre and surround was not modified by APB. APB, however, had a differential effect on the summating area of the centre and surround. While the centre radius was unaffected by APB, the surround radius was reduced. This suggests that the peak sensitivity of the surround mechanism was reduced less severely than the peak sensitivity of the centre mechanism.7. Strychnine also suppressed the response of the centre mechanism of both onand off-centre X cells to drifting gratings.

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Transmitter circuits in the vertebrate retina

Cited by 292 publications

References 214 publications

Neurotransmitter receptors of starburst amacrine cells in rabbit retinal slices

Neurotransmitter receptors of starburst amacrine cells in rabbit retinal slices

Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors mGluR1α and mGluR5a: Localization in Both Synaptic Layers of the Rat Retina

Effects of 2‐amino‐4‐phosphonobutyric acid on responsivity and spatial summation of X cells in the cat retina.

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