Transmission via plants of an insect pathogenic bacterium that does not multiply or move in plants

Purcell, Alexander H.; Suslow, Karen; Klein, Michal

doi:10.1007/bf00170111

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…6). The occurrence of bacteria in the salivary glands of different insect species has been reported and has been suggested to serve as a route for their horizontal transmission to plants or other intermediate hosts (26,54,59,60). The first and strongest evidence of horizontal transmission of symbiotic bacteria via an insect's plant host was reported for the leafhopper Euscelidius variegates (59) and the pathogenic symbiont BEV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bacteria can be either diffusely distributed throughout the host body or restricted to specific tissues. For example, secondary symbionts have been reported from the hemolymph of many insect taxa (15,26,34,67), primary bacteriocytes in whiteflies (39,63), secondary bacteriocytes and sheath cells mainly in aphids (34,55,61,67), salivary glands (54,59,60), Malpighian tubules (13), and reproductive organs (26,32,41,60,68).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Transovarial Transmission of Rickettsia spp. and Organ-Specific Infection of the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci

Brumin

Levy

Ghanim

2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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bThe whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a cosmopolitan insect pest that harbors Portiera aleyrodidarum, the primary obligatory symbiotic bacterium, and several facultative secondary symbionts. Secondary symbionts in B. tabaci are generally associated with the bacteriome, ensuring their vertical transmission; however, Rickettsia is an exception and occupies most of the body cavity, except the bacteriome. The mode of Rickettsia transfer between generations and its subcellular localization in insect organs have not been investigated. Using electron and fluorescence microscopy, we show that Rickettsia infects the digestive, salivary, and reproductive organs of the insect; however, it was not observed in the bacteriome. Rickettsia invades the oocytes during early developmental stages and resides in follicular cells and cytoplasm; it is mostly excluded when the egg matures; however, some bacterial cells remain in the egg, ensuring their transfer to subsequent generations. Rickettsia was localized to testicles and the spermatheca, suggesting a horizontal transfer between males and females during mating. The bacterium was further observed at large amounts in midgut cells, concentrating in vacuole-like structures, and was located in the hemolymph, specifically at exceptionally large amounts around bacteriocytes and in fat bodies. Organs further infected by Rickettsia included the primary salivary glands and stylets, sites of possible secretion of the bacterium outside the whitefly body. The close association between Rickettsia and the B. tabaci digestive system might be important for digestive purposes. The vertical transmission of Rickettsia to subsequent generations occurs via the oocyte and not, like other secondary symbionts, the bacteriome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transovarial Transmission of Rickettsia spp. and Organ-Specific Infection of the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci

Brumin

Levy

Ghanim

2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…With regard to the first scenario, it is possible that related Wolbachia spread between related hosts by means of shared diets or parasites. Previous studies suggest that Wolbachia could spread through consumption of infected or contaminated diets (Kittayapong et al 2003; Sintupachee et al 2006; see Purcell et al 1994; Darby and Douglas 2003 for examples with other heritable symbionts). However, we would only expect this mechanism to generate a pattern of host association among relatives with similar diets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SPECIALIZATION AND GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION AMONGWOLBACHIASYMBIONTS FROM ANTS AND LYCAENID BUTTERFLIES

et al. 2009

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Wolbachia are the most prevalent and influential bacteria described among the insects to date. But despite their significance, we lack an understanding of their evolutionary histories. To describe the evolution of symbioses between Wolbachia and their hosts, we surveyed global collections of two diverse families of insects, the ants and lycaenid butterflies. In total, 54 Wolbachia isolates were typed using a Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) approach, in which five unlinked loci were sequenced and analyzed to decipher evolutionary patterns. AMOVA and phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that related Wolbachia commonly infect related hosts, revealing a pattern of host association that was strongest among strains from the ants. A review of the literature indicated that horizontal transfer is most successful when Wolbachia move between related hosts, suggesting that patterns of host association are driven by specialization on a common physiological background. Aside from providing the broadest and strongest evidence to date for Wolbachia specialization, our findings also reveal that strains from New World ants differ markedly from those in ants from other locations. We, therefore, conclude that both geographic and phylogenetic barriers have promoted evolutionary divergence among these influential symbionts.

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“…For example, we are still unaware of the means by which symbionts are naturally transferred among species. Previous laboratory and phylogenetic studies suggest potential roles for parasitism and oral acquisition (19,33,34,36,53,63,75). Though the natural importance of these routes and the frequencies at which they permit lateral movement among insects are unknown, it is likely that barriers acting at this level, imposed by ecological associations, will play an important role in shaping symbiont distributions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Horizontal Transfer of Bacterial Symbionts: Heritability and Fitness Effects in a Novel Aphid Host

Russell

Moran

2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

126

105

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Members of several bacterial lineages are known only as symbionts of insects and move among hosts through maternal transmission. Such vertical transfer promotes strong fidelity within these associations, favoring the evolution of microbially mediated effects that improve host fitness. However, phylogenetic evidence indicates occasional horizontal transfer among different insect species, suggesting that some microbial symbionts retain a generalized ability to infect multiple hosts. Here we examine the abilities of three vertically transmitted bacteria from the Gammaproteobacteria to infect and spread within a novel host species, the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Using microinjection, we transferred symbionts from three species of natural aphid hosts into a common host background, comparing transmission efficiencies between novel symbionts and those naturally infecting A. pisum. We also examined the fitness effects of two novel symbionts to determine whether they should persist under natural selection acting at the host level. Our results reveal that these heritable bacteria vary in their capacities to utilize A. pisum as a host. One of three novel symbionts failed to undergo efficient maternal transmission in A. pisum, and one of the two efficiently transmitted bacteria depressed aphid growth rates. Although these findings reveal that negative fitness effects and low transmission efficiency can prevent the establishment of a new infection following horizontal transmission, they also indicate that some symbionts can overcome these obstacles, accounting for their widespread distributions across aphids and related insects.

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Transmission via plants of an insect pathogenic bacterium that does not multiply or move in plants

Cited by 30 publications

References 13 publications

Transovarial Transmission of Rickettsia spp. and Organ-Specific Infection of the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci

Transovarial Transmission of Rickettsia spp. and Organ-Specific Infection of the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci

SPECIALIZATION AND GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION AMONGWOLBACHIASYMBIONTS FROM ANTS AND LYCAENID BUTTERFLIES

Horizontal Transfer of Bacterial Symbionts: Heritability and Fitness Effects in a Novel Aphid Host

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