Transmission Systems with Constant Output Power Amplifiers at Low SNR Values: a Generalized Droop Model

Antona, Jean‐Christophe; Meseguer, Alexis Carbo; Letellier, Vincent

doi:10.1364/ofc.2019.m1j.6

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The step size is adaptively determined by the distance at which the nonlinear phase shift in a single step is 0.1 degrees, or 10 km, whichever is smaller. Every EDFA along the optical fiber links has a noise figure of 4.5 dB and produces a constant output power equal to the launch power such that the ASE-induced signal droop is accurately evaluated 35 . For all system configurations, we calculate by dividing the total signal power within the entire 100-GHz-wide frequency band by the total ASE plus NLI power within the same band.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaping Lightwaves in Time and Frequency for Optical Fiber Communication

Cho¹,

Chen²,

Raybon³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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In optical communications, sphere shaping is used to limit the energy of lightwaves to within a certain value over a period. This minimizes the energy required to contain information, allowing the rate of information transmission to approach the theoretical limit if the transmission medium is linear. In optical fiber, however, the sphere shaping induces Kerr nonlinearity in a peculiar way that makes analysis of transmission performance difficult, potentially lowering the communications capacity. In this article, we show how the impact of sphere shaping on Kerr nonlinearity varies with the chromatic dispersion and the structure of shaped lightwaves in time and frequency, and give insights into why the structure matters. As a practical consequence, by optimally controlling the structure of lightwaves in time and frequency, it is experimentally demonstrated that the information rate can be increased by up to 25% in low-dispersion channels on a 2824-km dispersion-managed wavelength-division multiplexed optical fiber link.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaping Lightwaves in Time and Frequency for Optical Fiber Communication

Cho¹,

Chen²,

Raybon³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…We assume that both the repeaters and cable account for half of the total electrical power consumption. After the number of fiber pairs is calculated, we estimate cable capacity using a GN model that includes the generalized droop effect and GAWBS noise [18][19][20][21][22][23]. System modeling calculates link signal to noise ratio (SNR), which is used to calculate capacity as C = NFP × Nch × 2 × symbol_rate × log2(1+SNR).…”

Section: System Design Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, there exists an optimal ratio between the number of pump lasers and the number of fiber pairs depending on the channel power that maximizes the repeater E/O efficiency. Moreover, we calculate cable capacity using a Gaussian noise (GN) model [18] that includes the generalized droop effect [19][20][21][22] and guided acoustic wave Brillouin scattering (GAWBS) noise [23]. With the aid of the repeater E/O efficiency model, we analyze the efficiency of submarine systems using the direct metric of cable capacity per electrical supply power and compare it with cable capacity per pump optical power and cable capacity per EDFA output power.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeater Power Conversion Efficiency in Submarine Optical Communication Systems

2021

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In power-limited trans-oceanic submarine systems, the electrical-to-optical (E/O) power conversion efficiency determines the amount of optical signal power generated by repeaters, which governs the cable capacity. In contrast to conventional submarine systems, recent single mode fiber spatial division multiplexing (SDM) systems operate at a lower channel power and support a larger number of optical fibers. Moreover, pump sharing technology is used in SDM systems to enhance cable capacity and system reliability, where a group of pump lasers are combined to feed a group of fiber pairs. The repeater E/O power conversion efficiency is directly related with cable capacity, as well as capacity per power and cost per capacity analysis. Therefore, it is important to understand the characteristics of repeater E/O efficiency. We developed a model to analyze the repeater E/O efficiency in submarine SDM systems. Experimental measurement data of pump lasers and numerical simulation results of Erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) were used as input information to the model to analyze repeater E/O efficiency in vario us system designs. Based on the E/O efficiency model results, we investigated cable capacity using the Gaussian noise (GN) model. Moreove r, cable capacity per power was calculated and compared based on three different power metrics: (i) electrical supply power, (ii) pump optical power and (iii) EDFA output power. With the ai d of the repeater E/O efficiency model, one can analyze the efficiency of submarine systems using the direct metric of cable capacity per electrical supply power.

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“…For such long-haul and high-baud-rate systems operating at low channel powers, there are several impactful effects such as the generalized signal droop (GD) [1]- [2], [5]- [10] effect, transponder implementation penalty [11]- [13], and to smaller extents, nonlinear interference (NLI) [14]- [16] noise and Guided Acoustic Waveguide Brillouin Scattering (GAWBS) [9], [17]- [19] noise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was formulated in a simplified manner without span-by-span power components transfer considerations; ASE noise was assumed to be subtracted only once from the numerator of the SNR expression for the whole transmission distance. In [5] the GD model appeared for the first time in its original form, followed by [2], [8] where we independently derived the same formalism from a different perspective and provided alternative explanation. In [7] an important quality of GD formalism was determined, namely that GD effectively removes a first-order perturbation assumption of the GN model, i.e., GD should be better suited for the highly non-linear power operation regime, compared to the standard SNR model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Evaluation of the Generalized Signal Droop Model With SNR Measurements Including Transponder Implementation Penalty

Ivanov¹,

Downie

Liang

et al. 2021

IEEE Photonics J.

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We experimentally assess the accuracy of a constant output power generalized droop (COP-GD) model combined with transponder implementation penalty to predict transmission performance for single-core long-haul optical transmission systems operating at low channel launch powers and high baud rates. The droop model includes Guided Acoustic Waveguide Brillouin Scattering (GAWBS) and nonlinear interference (NLI) effects along with amplifier noise for signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calculation in the context of long-haul systems with constant output power amplifiers. We show how the model accuracy is decreased if one of the modeling components is removed, namely, either the droop effect, GAWBS or the transponder implementation penalty. We show that inclusion of implementation penalty and GD is important for accurate performance evaluation, moreover, the transponder implementation penalty has impact both at low and high SNR ends. We compare the model including both effects to experimental transmission data over a wide link SNR range for the first time and demonstrate excellent agreement between modeling predictions and experimental results.

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Transmission Systems with Constant Output Power Amplifiers at Low SNR Values: a Generalized Droop Model

Cited by 26 publications

References 4 publications

Shaping Lightwaves in Time and Frequency for Optical Fiber Communication

Shaping Lightwaves in Time and Frequency for Optical Fiber Communication

Repeater Power Conversion Efficiency in Submarine Optical Communication Systems

Experimental Evaluation of the Generalized Signal Droop Model With SNR Measurements Including Transponder Implementation Penalty

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