Transmission system wide-area back-up protection using current phasor measurements

Improved algorithm of wide‐area current differential protection based on non‐uniform quantisation

“…The scheme centralises the data obtained from phasor measurement units (PMUs) for fault identification in back-up protection which is proved to be immune to a symmetrical fault during power swing and load encroachment and is found to work effectively. Paper [7] puts up a novel algorithm for transmission system wide-area back-up protection. The algorithm compares the sum of current at the predetermined buses before and after the disturbance occurrence using synchronised current phasor measurements.…”

Detection and location of faults in large transmission networks using minimum number of phasor measurement units

“…If radial buses are not considered for faulted line detection and fault location, then the number of PMUs required would reduce even more. However, to maintain generality, radial buses are considered and the number of PMUs is increased by a few numbers, but are still less compared to other algorithms proposed in literatures [10,24,31]. The performance of the FBI index is shown in Table 7.…”

Vulnerability assessment approach for real‐time and regional monitoring of backup protections: minimising number of GPS‐based distance relays

“…Nowadays, due to the rapid increase in electricity demand, transmission lines are pushed to their operating limits to maximise power transmission [1,2]. In such a situation, one of the main concerns of conventional backup protections like zone-3 units of distance relays is their undesired operation against non-fault conditions [3].…”