Transmission Routes of HTLV‐I: An Analysis of 66 Families

Take, Hiromichi; Umemoto, Masakazu; Kusuhara, Kouichi; Kuraya, Kazue

doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.1993.tb02832.x

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In areas of high endemicity in Japan, the prevalence was 38.5% in the family members of infected individuals [21] and 47.7% in those of pregnant women with HTLV-1 [22]. A study conducted in Benin, West Africa, between 1991 and 1995 tested 138 relatives of 32 infected patients, and found a prevalence of 27.5%, a rate 18 times higher than the mean infection rate in the general population (1.5%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Familial Transmission of Human T-cell Lymphotrophic Virus: Silent Dissemination of an Emerging but Neglected Infection

Costa

Furtado²,

Ferreira³

et al. 2013

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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BackgroundHTLV-1 is a retrovirus that causes lymphoproliferative disorders and inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the central nervous system in humans. The prevalence of this infection is high in parts of Brazil and there is a general lack of public health care programs. As a consequence, official data on the transmission routes of this virus are scarce.ObjectiveTo demonstrate familial aggregation of HTLV infections in the metropolitan region of Belém, Pará, Brazil.MethodA cross-sectional study involving 85 HTLV carriers treated at an outpatient clinic and other family members. The subjects were tested by ELISA and molecular methods between February 2007 and December 2010.ResultsThe prevalence of HTLV was 43.5% (37/85) for families and 25.6% (58/227) for the family members tested (95% CI: 1.33 to 3.79, P = 0.0033). Sexual and vertical transmission was likely in 38.3% (23/60) and 20.4% (29/142) of pairs, respectively (95% CI: 1.25 to 4.69, P = 0.0130). Positivity was 51.3% (20/39) and 14.3% (3/21) in wives and husbands, respectively (95% CI: 0.04 to 0.63, P = 0.0057). By age group, seropositivity was 8.0% (7/88) in subjects <30 years of age and 36.7% (51/139) in those of over 30 years (95% CI: 0.06 to 0.34, P<0.0001). Positivity was 24.1% (7/29) in the children of patients infected with HTLV-2, as against only 5.8% (4/69) of those infected with HTLV-1 (95% CI: 0.05 to 0.72, P = 0.0143).ConclusionThe results of this study indicate the existence of familial aggregations of HTLV characterized by a higher prevalence of infection among wives and subjects older than 30 years. Horizontal transmission between spouses was more frequent than vertical transmission. The higher rate of infection in children of HTLV-2 carriers suggests an increase in the prevalence of this virus type in the metropolitan region of Belém.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Familial Transmission of Human T-cell Lymphotrophic Virus: Silent Dissemination of an Emerging but Neglected Infection

Costa

Furtado²,

Ferreira³

et al. 2013

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…Motherto-child transmission is associated with prolonged breast-feeding in the postnatal period [7][8][9][10] and has been associated with an increased risk of developing ATLL. HTLV-1 can be sexually transmitted with a higher transmission efficiency from male to female than from female to male [11,12]. The intravenous route of infection, mainly by blood transfusion, appears to be the most efficient mode for HTLV-1 transmission [13].…”

Section: Discovery and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Current views in HTLV-I-associated adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

Nicot

2005

Am. J. Hematol.

104

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Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the relative percentage of malignant lymphoid proliferations varies widely according to geographical location and ethnic populations. HTLV-I is the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and is also associated with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). However, a definite role of HTLV-I in mycosis fungoides (MF) and/or Sezary syndrome (SS) remains controversial. While most HTLV-I-infected individuals remain asymptomatic carriers, 1-5% will develop ATLL, an invariably fatal expansion of virus-infected CD4 + T cells. This low incidence and the long latency period preceding occurrence of the disease suggest that additional factors are involved in development of ATLL. In this review, diagnosis, clinical features, and molecular pathogenesis of HTLV-I are discussed. Am.

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“…It is noteworthy that females predominated over males in our registry, most likely reflecting the more efficient sexual transmission of HTLV-1 from men to women than vice versa. 32 Typical HTLV-1-associated diseases, namely HAM/TSP and ATLL, were seen in a substantial proportion (19%) of HTLV-1 subjects recorded in the Spanish registry. Since clinical manifestations develop roughly in only 5% of HTLV-1 carriers, 33 our findings indirectly suggest that misdiagnosis is common and therefore active screening of higher risk populations is warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Infection in Spain

Treviño¹,

Alcântara

Benito

et al. 2014

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection in Spain is rare and mainly affects immigrants from endemic regions and native Spaniards with a prior history of sexual intercourse with persons from endemic countries. Herein, we report the main clinical and virological features of cases reported in Spain. All individuals with HTLV-1 infection recorded at the national registry since 1989 were examined. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the long terminal repeat (LTR) region. A total of 229 HTLV-1 cases had been reported up to December 2012. The mean age was 41 years old and 61% were female. Their country of origin was Latin America in 59%, Africa in 15%, and Spain in 20%. Transmission had occurred following sexual contact in 41%, parenteral exposure in 12%, and vertically in 9%. HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) was diagnosed in 27 cases and adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) in 17 subjects. HTLV-1 subtype could be obtained for 45 patients; all but one belonged to the Cosmopolitan subtype a. One Nigerian pregnant woman harbored HTLV-1 subtype b. Within the Cosmopolitan subtype a, two individuals (from Bolivia and Peru, respectively) belonged to the Japanese subgroup B, another two (from Senegal and Mauritania) to the North African subgroup D, and 39 to the Transcontinental subgroup A. Of note, one divergent HTLV-1 strain from an Ethiopian branched off from all five known Cosmopolitan subtype 1a subgroups. Divergent HTLV-1 strains have been introduced and currently circulate in Spain. The relatively large proportion of symptomatic cases (19%) suggests that HTLV-1 infection is underdiagnosed in Spain.

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Transmission Routes of HTLV‐I: An Analysis of 66 Families

Cited by 28 publications

References 7 publications

Familial Transmission of Human T-cell Lymphotrophic Virus: Silent Dissemination of an Emerging but Neglected Infection

Familial Transmission of Human T-cell Lymphotrophic Virus: Silent Dissemination of an Emerging but Neglected Infection

Current views in HTLV-I-associated adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

Molecular Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Infection in Spain

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