Transmission route and genotype of chronic hepatitis <scp>B</scp> virus infection in children in <scp>J</scp>apan between 1976 and 2010: A retrospective, multicenter study

Komatsu, Haruki; Inui, Ayano; Fujisawa, Tomoo; Takano, Tomoko; Tajiri, Hitoshi; Murakami, Jun; Suzuki, Mitsuyoshi

doi:10.1111/hepr.12396

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Sequencing and genotyping of HBV isolates is not routinely done and rarely reported in, e.g., epidemiological studies. Hepatitis B virus genotypes, however, vary in their clinical consequences including the natural course of infection, disease progression and treatment response (reviewed in [ 3 , 12 , 13 ]): While genotypes B, C and I are associated with a more frequent vertical transmission from mother to child, a higher transmission rate during sexual contact or injecting drug use has been reported for genotypes A, D and G [ 3 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. A higher chronification rate after infections with genotypes A and C, compared to genotypes B and D, has also been reported [ 14 ], but may also be due to the transmission route.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Hepatitis B Virus Genotype Distribution Approximated from Available Genotyping Data

Velkov

Ott

Protzer

et al. 2018

Genes

120

132

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is divided into nine genotypes, A to I. Currently, it remains unclear how the individual genotypes contribute to the estimated 250 million chronic HBV infections. We performed a literature search on HBV genotyping data throughout the world. Over 900 publications were assessed and data were extracted from 213 records covering 125 countries. Using previously published HBV prevalence, and population data, we approximated the number of infections with each HBV genotype per country and the genotype distribution among global chronic HBV infections. We estimated that 96% of chronic HBV infections worldwide are caused by five of the nine genotypes: genotype C is most common (26%), followed by genotype D (22%), E (18%), A (17%) and B (14%). Genotypes F to I together cause less than 2% of global chronic HBV infections. Our work provides an up-to-date analysis of global HBV genotyping data and an initial approach to estimate how genotypes contribute to the global burden of chronic HBV infection. Results highlight the need to provide HBV cell culture and animal models that cover at least genotypes A to E and represent the vast majority of global HBV infections to test novel treatment strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Hepatitis B Virus Genotype Distribution Approximated from Available Genotyping Data

Velkov

Ott

Protzer

et al. 2018

Genes

120

132

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“…HBV is transmitted through many routes 2 , 3 . In China, mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is the most common 1 , 4 . Importantly, HBV transmitted through MTCT in the perinatal period often leads to chronic infection 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and safety of nucleos(t)ide analogues to prevent hepatitis B virus mother-to-child transmission in pregnant women with high viremia: real life practice from China

Sheng

Ding

et al. 2018

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nucleos(t)ide analogues, especially telbivudine (LdT) for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in women with high viremia.Methods: We conducted a prospective, open-label, multicenter study of LdT for treating pregnant women having high viral loads of hepatitis B virus (HBV DNA>5 log10 IU/mL) but normal levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Maternal HBV DNA, HBV serologic status and ALT were measured at baseline, 4 weeks after therapy, before delivery, 4 weeks after delivery, and 12 weeks after delivery. Infant HBV serologic status and HBV DNA levels were measured at 7 months. We calculated the MTCT rate of LdT-treated and LdT-untreated groups and analyzed the efficacy and safety of LdT.Results: Ninety-one women (the treatment group) were treated with LdT, and twenty-one patients (the observation group) did not undergo antiviral therapy. The baseline HBV DNA levels were 8.15±0.82 log10 IU/mL in the treatment group, and 8.09±1.04 log10 IU/mL in the observation group. The MTCT rate was 0% in the treatment group, and 9.5% in the observation group (p=0.042). In the treatment group, HBV DNA levels were 5.02±0.74 log10 IU/mL at one month after therapy, and 3.95±0.94 log10 IU/mL before delivery. Both groups had significant differences from baseline levels in HBV DNA levels (p<0.001). In total, five patients had elevated ALT levels but without evidence of decompensate liver function. No severe adverse events or complications were observed in women or infants.Conclusions: For pregnant women with HBV DNA greater than 5 log10IU/mL, LdT therapy was effective in reducing HBV MTCT. If serum HBV DNA was detectable at delivery, discontinuation of LdT immediately was found to be safe and rarely induced off-treatment hepatitis flare.

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“…In our study, 8 neonates required frequent platelet transfusions, which could have caused related complications, such as infection [24,25]. Therefore, thrombocytopenia should be also recognized as a serious complication during CRRT in neonates.…”

Section: Thrombocytopeniamentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Therefore, the mixed fluid, which primed the circuit, should be purified before connecting to neonates, and the carrying out of blood priming takes up to 30 min more [6,12]. In addition, the frequent use of packed RBCs would increase the risk of transfusion-associated complications, such as various infections [24,25].…”

Section: Blood Primingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complications During Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Critically Ill Neonates

et al. 2019

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Background/ Aims: Owing to practical and technical developments, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has been administered even in critically ill neonates. In this study, the complications in CRRT for neonates were examined to establish a safe CRRT. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed the clinical records of neonates who underwent CRRT at our neonatal intensive care unit between 2009 and 2017. Results: Eight neonates with a body weight of 1,462–3,288 g were treated by 70 CRRT sessions with blood priming. Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) was observed in 39 sessions (55.7%), most of which occurred soon after the start of the CRRT. Body temperature decreased in 48 sessions (70.5%), and thrombocytopenia during CRRT occurred 30 times (42.9%). Conclusion: Complications during CRRT in neonates comprised IDH at the start of the CRRT, body temperature decline, and thrombocytopenia. These complications need to be analyzed for a safe neonatal CRRT.

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Transmission route and genotype of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in children in Japan between 1976 and 2010: A retrospective, multicenter study

Abstract: Mother-to-child transmission remains the primary source of chronic HBV infection after the introduction of immunoprophylaxis. Taking measures to prevent immunoprophylaxis failure is essential to reduce pediatric chronic HBV infection in Japan.

Cited by 17 publications

References 52 publications

The Global Hepatitis B Virus Genotype Distribution Approximated from Available Genotyping Data

The Global Hepatitis B Virus Genotype Distribution Approximated from Available Genotyping Data

Efficacy and safety of nucleos(t)ide analogues to prevent hepatitis B virus mother-to-child transmission in pregnant women with high viremia: real life practice from China

Complications During Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Critically Ill Neonates

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