Transmission Potential of Wuchereria bancrofti by Culex quinquefasciatus in Malaysia and Its Global Significance

Background Plasmodium knowlesi is found in macaques and is the only major zoonotic malaria to affect humans. Transmission of P. knowlesi between people and macaques depends on the host species preferences and feeding behavior of mosquito vectors. However, these behaviours are difficult to measure due to the lack of standardized methods for sampling potential vectors attracted to different host species. This study evaluated electrocuting net traps as a safe, standardised method for sampling P. knowlesi vectors attracted to human and macaque hosts.Field experiments were conducted within a major focus on P. knowlesi transmission in Malaysian Borneo to compare the performance of human (HENET) or macaque (MENET) odour-baited electrocuting nets, human landing catches (HLC) and monkey-baited traps (MBT) for sampling mosquitoes. The abundance and diversity of Anopheles sampled by different methods were compared over 40 nights, with a focus on the P. knowlesi vector Anopheles balabancensis.ResultsHLC caught more An. balabacensis than any other method (3.6 per night). In contrast, no An. balabacensis were collected in MBT collections, which generally performed poorly for all mosquito taxa. Anopheles vector species including An. balabacensis were sampled in both HENET and MENET collections, but at a mean abundance of less than 1 per night. There was no difference between HENET and MENET in the overall abundance (P = 0.05) or proportion (P = 0.7) of An. balabacensis. The estimated diversity of Anopheles species was marginally higher in electrocuting net than HLC collections, and similar in collections made with humans or monkey hosts.ConclusionsHost-baited electrocuting nets had moderate success for sampling known zoonotic malaria vectors. The primary vector An. balabacensis was collected with electrocuting nets baited both with humans and macaques, but at a considerably lower density than the HLC standard. However, electrocuting nets were considerably more successful than monkey-baited traps and representatively characterised anopheline species diversity. Consequently, their use allows inferences about relative mosquito attraction to be meaningfully interpreted while eliminating confounding factors due to trapping method. On this basis, electrocuting net traps should be considered as a useful standardised method for investigating vector contact with humans and wildlife reservoirs.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2277-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…pseudovishnui JE [42]23270050 Cx. quinquefasciatus JE [43], Filariasis [54]6210027 Cx. sitiens JE [51]961300109 Cx.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of electric nets as means to sample mosquito vectors host-seeking on humans and primates

Hawkes

Manin

et al. 2017

Parasites Vectors

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“…All the 1311 mosquitoes captured in HSU district were identified and examined using PCR techniques. It was found that M. uniformis mosquito species contained the infective larvae of W. bancrofti , but several other species that were captured were also known as filariasis vectors, such as C. quinquefasciatus that can transmit urban-type W. bancrofti [ 19 , 20 ] and M. dives that can transmit B. malayi [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity of mosquitoes and Mansonia uniformis as a potential vector of Wuchereria bancrofti in Hulu Sungai Utara District, South Kalimantan, Indonesia

et al. 2020

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Background and Aim: Lymphatic filariasis, also known as elephantiasis, still remains a problem in Indonesia. The primary causative species of this disease are the filarial worms Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia spp. This study was conducted to identify the diversity of species and behavior of mosquitoes and to determine the mosquitoes that could be potential vectors of filariasis. Materials and Methods: Mosquito samples derived from Hulu Sungai Utara (HSU) district in the 2017 multicenter study conducted in Indonesia were used in this cross-sectional study. The diversity of mosquito species was analyzed using the Shannon–Wiener diversity index. Mosquitoes were identified based on their species, and their DNA was isolated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Transcription-insulated isothermal PCR method was used to detect microfilariae/filaria larvae in the mosquitoes. Results: Biodiversity was found in 14 species of mosquitoes belonging to five genera. The maximum number of mosquitoes was recorded from the species Mansonia dives, Culex vishnui, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Mansonia uniformis. W. bancrofti infection was detected in M. uniformis at an infectivity rate of 0.3% (n=311). Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of M. uniformis species as a vector of W. bancrofti in HSU district, Indonesia. More efficient and accurate studies are required to aid in the lymphatic filariasis elimination programs in this subregion.

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“…Moreover, Cx. quinquefasciatus is the primary vector for the parasite Wuchereria bancrofti, the causative agent of lymphatic filariasis (Reviewed by Farajollahi et al, 2011;Triteeraprapab et al, 2000;Vythilingam et al, 2005). While this species is an important disease vector, it is often ignored in favor of research for Cx.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beat the heat: Culex quinquefasciatus regulates its body temperature during blood feeding

Reinhold

Shaw

Lahondère

2021

Journal of Thermal Biology

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Transmission Potential of Wuchereria bancrofti by Culex quinquefasciatus in Malaysia and Its Global Significance

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Evaluation of electric nets as means to sample mosquito vectors host-seeking on humans and primates

Evaluation of electric nets as means to sample mosquito vectors host-seeking on humans and primates

Biodiversity of mosquitoes and Mansonia uniformis as a potential vector of Wuchereria bancrofti in Hulu Sungai Utara District, South Kalimantan, Indonesia

Beat the heat: Culex quinquefasciatus regulates its body temperature during blood feeding

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