Transmission planning for wind energy in the United States and Europe: status and prospects

Smith, James C.; Osborn, Dale; Zavadil, R.; Lasher, Warren; Gómez‐Lázaro, Emilio; Estanqueiro, Ana; Trötscher, Thomas; Tande, John Olav Giæver; Korpås, Magnus; Hulle, Frans Van; Holttinen, Hannele; Orths, Antje; Burke, Daniel J.; O’Malley, Mark; Dobschinski, Jan; Rawn, Barry; Gibescu, M.; Dale, Lewis

doi:10.1002/wene.8

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Sufficient transmission capability is essential for power system flexibility [67,318]. Robust and welldesigned grids with appropriate grid codes [258] can balance large local differences in supply and demand, offering strong spatial interconnections.…”

Section: Grid Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Review of energy system flexibility measures to enable high levels of variable renewable electricity

Lund

Lindgren

Mikkola

et al. 2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

1,252

578

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Title: Review of energy system flexibility measures to enable high levels of variable renewable electricity Article Type: Review Article Keywords: energy system flexibility; DSM; energy storage; ancillary service; electricity market; smart grid Abstract: The paper reviews different approaches, technologies, and strategies to manage large-scale schemes of variable renewable electricity such as solar and wind power. We consider both supply and demand side measures. In addition to presenting energy system flexibility measures, their importance to renewable electricity is discussed. The flexibility measures available range from traditional ones such as grid extension or pumped hydro storage to more advanced strategies such as demand side management and demand side linked approaches, e.g. the use of electric vehicles for storing excess electricity, but also providing grid support services. Advanced batteries may offer new solutions in the future, though the high costs associated with batteries may restrict their use to smaller scale applications. Different "P2Y"-type of strategies, where P stands for surplus renewable power and Y for the energy form or energy service to which this excess in converted to, e.g. thermal energy, hydrogen, gas or mobility are receiving much attention as potential flexibility solutions, making use of the energy system as a whole. To "functionalize" or to assess the value of the various energy system flexibility measures, these need often be put into an electricity/energy market or utility service context. Summarizing, the outlook for managing large amounts of RE power in terms of options available seems to be promising. AbstractThe paper reviews different approaches, technologies, and strategies to manage large-scale schemes of variable renewable electricity such as solar and wind power. We consider both supply and demand side measures. In addition to presenting energy system flexibility measures, their importance to renewable electricity is discussed. The flexibility measures available range from traditional ones such as grid extension or pumped hydro storage to more advanced strategies such as demand side management and demand side linked approaches, e.g. the use of electric vehicles for storing excess electricity, but also providing grid support services. Advanced batteries may offer new solutions in the future, though the high costs associated with batteries may restrict their use to smaller scale applications. Different -P2Y‖-type of strategies, where P stands for surplus renewable power and Y for the energy form or energy service to which this excess in converted to, e.g. thermal energy, hydrogen, gas or mobility are receiving much attention as potential flexibility solutions, making use of the energy system as a whole. To -functionalize‖ or to assess the value of the various energy system flexibility measures, these need often be put into an electricity/energy market or utility service context. Summarizing, the outlook for managing large amounts of RE power in terms of options avai...

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Section: Grid Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Review of energy system flexibility measures to enable high levels of variable renewable electricity

Lund

Lindgren

Mikkola

et al. 2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

1,252

578

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…• Better market arrangements for variable renewable and fl exible sources (Glanchant and Finon, 2010;Smith et al 2010b). …”

Section: Summary and Knowledge Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The requirement to balance supply and demand over all time scales raises the need for access to fl exible balancing resources (fl exible generation, demand response, storage; NERC, 2010b) as well as the need to use advanced techniques for demand and supply forecasting and plant scheduling (NERC, 2010a). There is also a need for market or other mechanisms to ensure that all the complementary services necessary to balance supply and demand over all time scales are provided at a reasonable cost (Smith et al, 2010b;Vandezande et al, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Renewable Energy into Present and Future Energy Systems

Sims

Mercado

Krewitt

et al. 2011

Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation

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“…The impact of large-scale wind penetration on a power system has been subject for a wide spectrum of researches in the literature; on the need for operating reserves [12], unit commitment [13], balancing power [14], and transmission system planning [15]. This study aims to investigate this impact on the entire energy system in an integrated method by considering the potential of both heat and power sectors in absorbing fluctuating RES intersected with the nuclear power.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind Integration into Energy Systems with a High Share of Nuclear Power—What Are the Compromises?

2015

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Towards low-carbon energy systems, there are countries with ongoing plans for expanding their nuclear power capacity, and simultaneously advancing the role of variable renewable energy sources (RES), namely wind and solar energy. This crossroads of capital-intensive, baseload power production and uncontrollable, intermittent RES may entail new challenges in the optimal and economic operation of power systems. This study examines this case by hourly analysis of a national-level energy system with the EnergyPLAN modeling tool, coupled with wind integration simulations (including uncertainty) implemented using MATLAB. We evaluate the maximum feasible wind integration under different scenarios for nuclear power plants, energy demand, and the flexibility of energy infrastructure for a real case study (Finland). We propose wind-nuclear compromise charts to envision the impact of any mix of these two technologies on four parameters: total costs, power exchange, carbon emissions, and renewable energy integration. The results suggest that nuclear power constrains the room for maximum uptake of wind energy by a descending parabolic relationship. If nuclear power production exceeds 50% of the total power demand, wind will be unlikely to penetrate in shares over 15% of the respective demand. Moreover, we investigate the role of four flexibility options: demand side management, electrical energy storage, smart electric heating, and large-scale heat pumps (backed with thermal energy storage). Heat pumps (which are in connection with combined heat and power (CHP) and district heating systems) offer the highest efficiency in balancing excess power from variable RES. However, power-to-heat options offer a limited OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2015, 8 2494 capability for absorbing high-level excess power, as oversupply arises mainly in the periods with relatively low demand for heat. This calls for longer-term energy storage and/or other flexibility options to achieve the planned targets in wind-nuclear scenarios.

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Transmission planning for wind energy in the United States and Europe: status and prospects

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

Review of energy system flexibility measures to enable high levels of variable renewable electricity

Review of energy system flexibility measures to enable high levels of variable renewable electricity

Integration of Renewable Energy into Present and Future Energy Systems

Wind Integration into Energy Systems with a High Share of Nuclear Power—What Are the Compromises?

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