Transmission of varicella-zoster virus from a vaccinee with leukemia, demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction

Hughes, Patricia A.; LaRussa, Philip; Pearce, Jennifer M.; Lepow, Martha L.; Steinberg, Sharon; Gershon, Anne A.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(05)83185-3

Cited by 35 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, it has not been clear whether these cases were caused by the vaccine virus or by a wild-type virus. In addition, some reports concerning transmission of the vaccine virus have been reported (21,29,51). Therefore, it is epidemiologically important to differentiate the Oka vaccine virus from circulating wild-type viruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Complete DNA Sequences of the Oka Varicella Vaccine and Its Parental Virus

Gomi

Sunamachi

Mori

et al. 2002

J Virol

169

179

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The DNA sequences of the Oka varicella vaccine virus (V-Oka) and its parental virus (P-Oka) were completed. Comparison of the sequences revealed 42 base substitutions, which led to 20 amino acid conversions and length differences in tandem repeat regions (R1, R3, and R4) and in an origin of DNA replication. Amino acid substitutions existed in open reading frames (ORFs) 6, 9A, 10, 21, 31, 39, 50, 52, 55, 59, 62, and 64. Of these, 15 base substitutions, leading to eight amino acid substitutions, were in the gene 62 region alone. Further DNA sequence analysis showed that these substitutions were specific for V-Oka and were not present in nine clinical isolates. The immediate-early gene 62 product (IE62) of P-Oka had stronger transactivational activity than the mutant IE62 contained in V-Oka in 293 and CV-1 cells. An infectious center assay of a plaque-purified clone (S7-01) from the V-Oka with 8 amino acid substitutions in ORF 62 showed smaller plaque formation and less-efficient virus-spreading activity than did P-Oka in human embryonic lung cells. Another clone (S-13) with only five substitutions in ORF 62 spread slightly faster than S7-01 but not as effectively as P-Oka. Moreover, transient luciferase assay in 293 cells showed that transactivational activities of IE62s of S7-01 and S7-13 were lower than that of P-Oka. Based on these results, it appears that amino acid substitutions in ORF 62 are responsible for virus growth and spreading from infected to uninfected cells. Furthermore, the Oka vaccine virus was completely distinguishable from P-Oka and 54 clinical isolates by seven restriction-enzyme fragment length polymorphisms that detected differences in the DNA sequence.Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a human herpesvirus that causes chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (herpes zoster). A live attenuated varicella vaccine, the Oka strain was originally developed by Takahashi et al. in Japan (56) and is routinely used in children in Japan and other countries, including the United States. Clinical symptoms caused by this live vaccine are very rare in healthy children. Although the Oka vaccine virus (V-Oka) is an avirulent virus, its parental virus (P-Oka), isolated from a patient with typical varicella, is thought to be virulent in vivo. It has not been clarified which gene(s) is involved in the pathogenicity of VZV infection. Thus, comparison of the complete genomes of V-Oka and P-Oka should reveal correlations between DNA sequence and virulence.The complete DNA sequence of the VZV Dumas strain was first determined by Davison and Scott (9). The genome is a linear double-stranded DNA of ca. 125,000 bp and consists of unique long regions (ULs) flanked by terminal repeat long (TRL) and internal repeat long (IRL) inverted repeat regions, and a unique short (US) region flanked by internal repeat short (IRS) and terminal repeat short (TRS) inverted repeat regions. The genome contains ca. 70 open reading frames (ORFs), three of which exist in both IRS and TRS regions; genes 62 through 64 correspond to genes 69 throug...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Complete DNA Sequences of the Oka Varicella Vaccine and Its Parental Virus

Gomi

Sunamachi

Mori

et al. 2002

J Virol

169

179

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1 Serious adverse events from varicella vaccination have been reported, with an incidence in 1 study of 2.9/100,000 doses. 2,3 Transmission of vaccine-strain VZV (ie, Oka-strain VZV) from immunocompromised vaccinees to healthy contacts was documented in prelicensure studies, 4 but since licensure, such transmission has been rare. [5][6][7][8] There has been 1 report of Oka-strain VZV transmission from a healthy child with herpes zoster to a sibling.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary transmission of varicella vaccine virus in a chronic care facility for children

Grossberg

Harpaz

Rubtcova

et al. 2006

The Journal of Pediatrics

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“…For virus isolation, fluid should be promptly inoculated onto tissue cultures because VZV is labile. PCR has proved extremely sensitive and accurate for diagnosis of VZV infections [118,[309][310][311][312][313][314][315]. In situ hybridization is also a useful diagnostic technique [215,316,317].…”

Section: Diagnostic Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chickenpox, Measles, and Mumps

Gershon¹

2011

Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn

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Transmission of varicella-zoster virus from a vaccinee with leukemia, demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction

Cited by 35 publications

References 12 publications

Comparison of the Complete DNA Sequences of the Oka Varicella Vaccine and Its Parental Virus

Comparison of the Complete DNA Sequences of the Oka Varicella Vaccine and Its Parental Virus

Secondary transmission of varicella vaccine virus in a chronic care facility for children

Chickenpox, Measles, and Mumps

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