Transmission of Trypanosoma theileri to cattle by Tabanidae

Böse, Reinhard; Friedhoff, Karl Theodor; Olbrich, S.; Büscher, G.; Domeyer, I

doi:10.1007/bf00538199

Cited by 51 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…To investigate this possible correlation, we studied the energy metabolism of bloodstream form trypanosomes of the species Trypanosoma theileri, which are extracellular, blooddwelling parasites of mammals, living in a habitat identical to that of bloodstream form T. brucei (3). Although these two bloodstream form trypanosomes inhabit the same environment, these species are not closely related.…”

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confidence: 99%

Energy Metabolism of Bloodstream Form Trypanosoma theileri

et al. 2007

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Bloodstream form Trypanosoma theileri degrades glucose to acetate (47%) and succinate (45%) and, therefore, does not solely rely on glycolysis for ATP production. This trypanosomatid does not use amino acids for energy metabolism. These results refute the prevailing hypothesis that substrate availability determines the type of energy metabolism of trypanosomatids.The energy metabolism of Trypanosomatidae varies considerably, not only between species but also between distinct life cycle stages of the same species (7, 17). Several Trypanosomatidae rely on glycolysis of carbohydrates for their ATP production, whereas the energy metabolism of other Trypanosomatidae comprises substantial mitochondrial metabolism in which amino acids are often used as substrates for ATP production. Bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei, which lives in a glucose-rich environment, is entirely dependent on degradation of glucose into pyruvate by glycolysis, whereas procyclic T. brucei living in the gut of tsetse flies degrades carbohydrates and amino acids by a more-complex metabolism involving substantial mitochondrial metabolism (2, 5, 15). Next to carbohydrate abundance, the type of available nutrients seems to correlate with the differences in energy metabolism in trypanosomatids as well. Insect stages of African trypanosomes and of Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. that inhabit arthropod intestines, as well as trypanosomatids that live in intracellular compartments of the endocytotic pathway of mammalian cells, such as amastigote stages of T. cruzi and Leishmania spp., use the abundantly available amino acids in their environment as substrates for energy metabolism involving mitochondrial pathways (4,7,17). Therefore, multiple observations argue for the suggestion that nutrient supply in the natural environment correlates with the energy metabolism present in the distinct trypanosomatid species and life cycle stages.To investigate this possible correlation, we studied the energy metabolism of bloodstream form trypanosomes of the species Trypanosoma theileri, which are extracellular, blooddwelling parasites of mammals, living in a habitat identical to that of bloodstream form T. brucei (3). Although these two bloodstream form trypanosomes inhabit the same environment, these species are not closely related. T. theileri belongs to the subgenus Megatrypanum and, therefore, belongs to the stercorarian section of trypanosomatids, whereas African trypanosomes belong to the section of salivarian trypanosomes (11). T. theileri is a ubiquitous parasite that infects cattle with high incidence all around the world, but these infections are generally considered not to be pathogenic and parasitemia is very low (12,18).Bloodstream form T. theileri isolates were obtained from blood samples derived from Holstein-Frisian cows in The Netherlands. These isolated bloodstream form trypanosomes were expected to be T. theileri, since T. theileri is the only trypanosome species endemic in cows in northwestern Europe (11,18,20). The length of the isolated ...

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Energy Metabolism of Bloodstream Form Trypanosoma theileri

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“…mechanically transmit infections (Bose et al, 1987;1987b;Kingston et al, 1986). Furthermore, infections of T. cervi or T. theileri have been found in bovine and cervid fetuses and newborn calves, thereby implying transplacental infection as well as infection through an insect vector (Kingston et al, 1981;1982b;1986 PK -posterior end to kinetoplast distance, KN -kinetoplast-to-nucleus distance, PN -posterior end-to-nucleus distance, NA ~ nucleus-toanterior end distance, BL -body length, FF -length of free flagellum, L -overall length, FF:BL -free flagellum to body length ratio, W width, NI -PN/NA (nuclear index), KI -PN/KN (kinetoplast index).…”

Section: T Cervi Nor T Theileri Is Known Tabanid Flies Carrying Epmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, T. cervi can be 100% prevalent in individual herds (Kingston et al, 1985b;1985c and see results, Table V) and distributed in the North American continent from east to west (Kingston et al, 1981 and see results, Table V), from the arctic to South America and even into Europe (Kingston et al, 1985b;1985c;Bose et al, 1987). Although the complete life cycle of neither T. cervi nor T. theileri is known, tabanid flies carrying epimastigotes of T. theileri and other Megatrypanum have been used in experiments to mechanically transmit infections (Bose et al, 1987;1987b;Kingston et al, 1986). Furthermore, infections of T. cervi or T. theileri have been found in bovine and cervid fetuses and newborn calves, thereby implying transplacental infection as well as infection through an insect vector (Kingston et al, 1981;1982b;1986 PK -posterior end to kinetoplast distance, KN -kinetoplast-to-nucleus distance, PN -posterior end-to-nucleus distance, NA ~ nucleus-toanterior end distance, BL -body length, FF -length of free flagellum, L -overall length, FF:BL -free flagellum to body length ratio, W width, NI -PN/NA (nuclear index), KI -PN/KN (kinetoplast index).…”

Section: Trypanosoma Cervimentioning

confidence: 99%

The electrokaryotype and molecular characterization of Trypanosoma cervi isolates using recombinant DNA techniques

Bennett¹

2000

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Robert L. Mil l etteThe distribution of trypanosomes infecting wild ruminants of North America has only recently been investigated . Many isolates have been mensurally studied and were determined to be conspecific with Trypanosoma cervi. Widely divergent forms exist however, between host species and seasonally within a host . To determine the validity of all inclusions in the taxon and the extent of intraspecific variability , trypanosome isolates of moose, reindeer , antelope, muledeer, Roosevelt Elk and two discrete transplant populations of Rocky Mountain elk were characterized and differentiated using recombinant DNA techniques.The isolates were extensively cultured and DNA was extracted from the cells with several methods.Chromosome profiles were prepared using 14. 15.Genomic digest with EcoRI and SmaI . . . . Van der Ploeg et al., 1984;Gibson et al., 1985;Scholler et al., 1986;Paindavoine et al., 1986;De Jonckheere, 1987;Aymerich and Goldenberg, 1989 animals (see Table I). Genomic digest with BamHI and BglIIMembers of the section Salivaria are exclusively extracellular and develop in the anterior station (salivary glands or foregut) of their invertebrate host. This section is composed mostly of trypanosomes with an infective metacyclic stage, which is transmitted between the mammalian hosts by the hypodermic feeding habits of the insect vector, usually a tsetse fly (Glossina) or horseflies (Tabanidae). T. evansl * T. brucel T. equlperdum From white-tailed deer in the southeastern USA (Kingston et al., 1977). Trypanosoma cerviUnidentified trypanosomes were first recovered from the blood of North American cervid species (Kingston et al., 1982a;Schmidt and Roberts, 1985).Most of these isolates were mensurally characterized from the trypomastigotes available in blood smears. All of the bloodstream forms were determined to be conspecific with Trypanosoma cerv.i (new species, Kingston and Morton, 1975; Kingston et al., 198S) which has been subgenericaly classified as a Megatrypanum in the section Stercoraria (see Figure 7). Some doubt persisted however, in the taxonomic designation of T. cervi because widely divergent sizes and forms existed between bloodstream isolates of host species and even from season to season within a single host (see Tables II and III). The single specific designation did appear valid when based on the Kinetoplast Index (KI) which was comparable between isolates, except in the case of moose (see Table III). Often however, a sufficient nrunber trypomastigotes could not be recovered for critical statistical analysis (Kingston et al., 1985) because the natural parasitemias of T. cervi are typically so low. As in the case of antelope, these isolates were available in the morphologically diverse cultured forms only and could not be used for the critical measurements. , 1985b;1985c; Bose et al., 1987). Although the complete life cycle of neither T. cervi nor T. theileri is known, tabanid flies carrying epimastigotes of T. theileri and other Megatrypanum have been used in experim...

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“…In the present work we disclose the sialotranscriptome of the European species Tabanus bromius , a nuisance species of veterinary importance as a vector of Trypanosoma theileri (Bose et al, 1987; Dirie et al, 1990) and a potential vector of Mycoplasma infections to cattle (Hornok et al, 2011). An Illumina library from the salivary glands of adult female flies was “de novo” assembled, yielding 4,079 coding sequences from putative salivary and housekeeping functions, 3,043 of which appeared > 75% full length by blastp comparison to known proteins (Altschul et al, 1997), or were deemed to be novel full length proteins, and were accordingly submitted to GenBank.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An insight into the sialome of the horse fly, Tabanus bromius

Ribeiro

Kazimírová

Takáč

et al. 2015

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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Blood feeding animals face their host's defenses against tissue injury and blood loss while attempting to feed. One adaptation to surmount these barriers involves the evolution of a salivary potion that disarms their host's inflammatory and anti-hemostatic processes. The composition of the peptide moiety of this potion, or sialome (from the Greek sialo=saliva), can be deducted in part by proper interpretation of the blood feeder' sialotranscriptome. In this work we disclose the sialome of the blood feeding adult female Tabanus bromius. Following assembly of over 75 million Illumina reads (101 nt long) 16,683 contigs were obtained from which 4,078 coding sequences were extracted. From these, 320 were assigned as coding for putative secreted proteins. These 320 contigs mapped 85% of the reads. The antigen-5 proteins family was studied in detail, indicating three Tabanus specific clades with and without disintegrin domains, as well as with and without leukotriene binding domains. Defensins were also detailed; a clade of salivary tabanid peptides was found lacking the propeptide domain ending in the KR dipeptide signaling furin cleavage. Novel protein families were also disclosed. Viral transcripts were identified closely matching the Kotonkan virus capsid proteins. Full length Mariner transposases were also identified. A total of 3,043 coding sequences and their protein products were deposited in Genbank. Hyperlinked excel spreadsheets containing the coding sequences and their annotation are available at http://exon.niaid.nih.gov/transcriptome/T_bromius/Tbromius-web.xlsx (hyperlinked excel spreadsheet, 11 MB) and http://exon.niaid.nih.gov/transcriptome/T_bromius/Tbromius-SA.zip (Standalone excel with all local links, 360 MB). These sequences provide for a platform from which further proteomic studies may be designed to identify salivary proteins from T. bromius that are of pharmacological interest or used as immunological markers of host exposure.

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Transmission of Trypanosoma theileri to cattle by Tabanidae

Cited by 51 publications

References 10 publications

Energy Metabolism of Bloodstream Form Trypanosoma theileri

Energy Metabolism of Bloodstream Form Trypanosoma theileri

The electrokaryotype and molecular characterization of Trypanosoma cervi isolates using recombinant DNA techniques

An insight into the sialome of the horse fly, Tabanus bromius

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