“…Physical reasoning provides the simplest way of obtaining this amplitude distribution of this function,since it has much in common with (10). Its value during exactly half of the period is +x, while during the remaining half it traces out the negative half of the cosine wave exactly as (10), except multiplied by a factor of two and moved upwards by an amount x. For this half of the function, therefore, the amplitude distribution curve has the appearance of the left half of the curve in Fig.…”