Transmission of Streptococcus pyogenes causing successive infections in a family

Mazón, Ana; Gil-Setas, Alberto; Gándara, L.J. Sota de la; Vindel, Ana; Sáez-Nieto, J. A.

doi:10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00567.x

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…We examined the risk for secondary iGAS infection before and after onset of scarlet fever, without preconceptions as to the length of identified period of excess risk. Transmission of GAS within the household for 60 days is plausible; back-and-forth transmission between household members is well-described ( 20 – 22 ) and has been demonstrated to occur over a 10-month period ( 21 ). Transmission from an asymptomatic carrier can occur up to several weeks after acquisition although communicability is lower than from symptomatic cases ( 19 , 23 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Risk for Invasive Group AStreptococcusDisease for Household Contacts of Scarlet Fever Cases, England, 2011–2016

Watts¹,

Balasegaram²,

Brown³

et al. 2019

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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The incidence of scarlet fever in England and Wales is at its highest in 50 years. We estimated secondary household risk for invasive group A Streptococcus (iGAS) disease within 60 days after onset of scarlet fever. Reports of scarlet fever in England during 2011–2016 were matched by residential address to persons with laboratory-confirmed iGAS infections. We identified 11 iGAS cases in ≈189,684 household contacts and a 60-day incidence rate of 35.3 cases/100,000 person-years, which was 12.2-fold higher than the background rate (2.89). Infants and contacts > 75 years of age were at highest risk. Three cases were fatal; sepsis and cellulitis were the most common manifestations. Typing for 6 iGAS cases identified emm 1.0 (n = 4), emm 4.0 (n = 1), and emm 12.0 (n = 1). Although absolute risk in household contacts was low, clinicians assessing household contacts should be aware of the risk to expedite diagnosis and initiate life-saving treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Risk for Invasive Group AStreptococcusDisease for Household Contacts of Scarlet Fever Cases, England, 2011–2016

Watts¹,

Balasegaram²,

Brown³

et al. 2019

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…Human skin and mucous membranes are their only known natural reservoirs. Transmission occurs through asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriers [1]. The clinical manifestations range from superficial to invasive disease, which may present with clinical manifestations associated with toxin production and high mortality rates [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Throat Carriage Rate and Antimicrobial Resistance of Streptococcus pyogenes In Rural Children in Argentina

Delpech

Sparo

Baldaccini

et al. 2017

J Prev Med Public Health

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ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic carriers of group A β-hemolytic streptococci (GAS) in children living in a rural community and to investigate the association between episodes of acute pharyngitis and carrier status.MethodsThroat swabs were collected from September to November 2013 among children 5-13 years of age from a rural community (Maria Ignacia-Vela, Argentina). The phenotypic characterization of isolates was performed by conventional tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assayed for penicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and clindamycin (disk diffusion). The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined for penicillin, cefotaxime, tetracycline, and erythromycin.ResultsThe carriage of β-hemolytic streptococci was detected in 18.1% of participants, with Streptococcus pyogenes in 18 participants followed by S. dysgalactiae ssp. equisimilis in 5. The highest proportion of GAS was found in 8 to 10-year-old children. No significant association between the number of episodes of acute pharyngitis suffered in the last year and the carrier state was detected (p>0.05). Tetracycline resistance (55.5%) and macrolide-resistant phenotypes (11.1%) were observed. Resistance to penicillin, cefotaxime, or chloramphenicol was not expressed in any streptococcal isolate.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated significant throat carriage of GAS and the presence of group C streptococci (S. dysgalactiae ssp. equisimilis) in an Argentinian rural population. These results point out the need for continuous surveillance of GAS and non-GAS carriage as well as of antimicrobial resistance in highly susceptible populations, such as school-aged rural children. An extended surveillance program including school-aged children from different cities should be considered to estimate the prevalence of GAS carriage in Argentina.

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“…Regarding streptococcus at other sites, a recent case report documented perianal streptococcal dermatitis as the precipitating factor to a PANS initial episode and/or exacerbation in three children [35]. Interestingly, two of these children had a history of pharyngeal streptococcal infections, and research has suggested that pharyngeal strains of GAS can migrate to other areas of the body [36,37].…”

Section: Infectious Triggersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The PANDAS Controversy: Why (and How) Is It Still Unsettled?

Murphy

Gerardi

Parker-Athill

2014

Curr Dev Disord Rep

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Acute-onset OCD and/or tics in children, known by the term Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcus (PANDAS), has been a focus of pediatric developmental and psychiatric research for nearly three decades. Studies have suggested that this condition results from molecular mimicry, in which anti-basal ganglia antibodies target brain proteins. While the pathogenesis of this condition is still widely debated, the clinical phenotype has shown consistent features and evidence that the dramatic symptoms cause substantial impairment in the child and in family functioning.

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Transmission of Streptococcus pyogenes causing successive infections in a family

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

Increased Risk for Invasive Group AStreptococcusDisease for Household Contacts of Scarlet Fever Cases, England, 2011–2016

Increased Risk for Invasive Group AStreptococcusDisease for Household Contacts of Scarlet Fever Cases, England, 2011–2016

Throat Carriage Rate and Antimicrobial Resistance of Streptococcus pyogenes In Rural Children in Argentina

The PANDAS Controversy: Why (and How) Is It Still Unsettled?

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