Transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta variant (B.1.617.2) from a fully vaccinated human to a canine in Georgia, July 2021

Wendling, Natalie M.; Carpenter, Ann; Liew, Amanda; Ghai, Ria R.; Gallardo-Romero, Nadia; Stoddard, Robyn A.; Tao, Ying; Zhang, Jing; Retchless, Adam C.; Aḥmad, Auṣāf; Bunkley, Paige; Godino, Claire; Mauldin, Matthew R.; Varela, Kate; Ritter, Jana M.; Hennebelle, Janemarie; Feldpausch, Amanda; Gabel, Julie; Kainulainen, Markus H.; Herzegh, Owen; Tong, Suxiang; Spengler, Jessica R.; Behravesh, Casey Barton

doi:10.1111/zph.12944

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In animal specimens, serological response against SARS-CoV-2 was determined using a species-independent assay that detects antibodies binding to the receptor binding domain of the viral spike (S) protein [ 26 , 27 ]. Briefly, sera were exposed to 2 × 10 6 RAD of gamma irradiation from a cobalt-60 source and heated to +56 °C for 10 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One Health Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 in People and Animals on Multiple Mink Farms in Utah

Cossaboom

Wendling

Lewis

et al. 2022

Viruses

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From July–November 2020, mink (Neogale vison) on 12 Utah farms experienced an increase in mortality rates due to confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. We conducted epidemiologic investigations on six farms to identify the source of virus introduction, track cross-species transmission, and assess viral evolution. Interviews were conducted and specimens were collected from persons living or working on participating farms and from multiple animal species. Swabs and sera were tested by SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) and serological assays, respectively. Whole genome sequencing was attempted for specimens with cycle threshold values <30. Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was detected by rRT-PCR or serology in ≥1 person, farmed mink, dog, and/or feral cat on each farm. Sequence analysis showed high similarity between mink and human sequences on corresponding farms. On farms sampled at multiple time points, mink tested rRT-PCR positive up to 16 weeks post-onset of increased mortality. Workers likely introduced SARS-CoV-2 to mink, and mink transmitted SARS-CoV-2 to other animal species; mink-to-human transmission was not identified. Our findings provide critical evidence to support interventions to prevent and manage SARS-CoV-2 in people and animals on mink farms and emphasizes the importance of a One Health approach to address emerging zoonoses.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One Health Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 in People and Animals on Multiple Mink Farms in Utah

Cossaboom

Wendling

Lewis

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…The Alpha variant was found in cats and dogs in Italy [ 29 ], Argentina [ 30 ], Thailand [ 31 ], Spain [ 32 ], the USA [ 33 ], Germany [ 34 ], and the UK [ 35 ]. Delta infections have been described in cats [ 25 ] and dogs [ 36 ] in Spain, the USA [ 37 ], and China [ 38 ]. There are also a few reports regarding the AY.3 Delta pangolin lineage in cats and dogs in the USA [ 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Molecular Characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant and the Specific Immune Response in Companion Animals in Switzerland

Kuhlmeier

Chan²,

Agüí³

et al. 2023

Viruses

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In human beings, there are five reported variants of concern of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, in contrast to human beings, descriptions of infections of animals with specific variants are still rare. The aim of this study is to systematically investigate SARS-CoV-2 infections in companion animals in close contact with SARS-CoV-2-positive owners (“COVID-19 households”) with a focus on the Delta variant. Samples, obtained from companion animals and their owners were analyzed using a real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Animals were also tested for antibodies and neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2. Eleven cats and three dogs in nine COVID-19-positive households were RT-qPCR and/or serologically positive for the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant. For seven animals, the genetic sequence could be determined. The animals were infected by one of the pangolin lineages B.1.617.2, AY.4, AY.43 and AY.129 and between zero and three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected between the viral genomes of animals and their owners, indicating within-household transmission between animal and owner and in multi-pet households also between the animals. NGS data identified SNPs that occur at a higher frequency in the viral sequences of companion animals than in viral sequences of humans, as well as SNPs, which were exclusively found in the animals investigated in the current study and not in their owners. In conclusion, our study is the first to describe the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant transmission to animals in Switzerland and provides the first-ever description of Delta-variant pangolin lineages AY.129 and AY.4 in animals. Our results reinforce the need of a One Health approach in the monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in animals.

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“…The copyright holder for this this version posted November 14, 2022. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.11.08.22282084 doi: medRxiv preprint increased transmissibility in humans (14). The Delta variant has also infected animals, as evidenced by being transmitted from a fully vaccinated human to a canine in the United States in July 2021, and was later detected in white-tailed deer in Canada (5,15). Additional animal species infected by the Delta variant include domestic cats and dogs, hamsters, lions, minks, gorillas, otters, snow leopards, ferrets, and hippopotamuses (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful Detection of Delta and Omicron Variants of SARS-CoV-2 by Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Participants in an Interlaboratory Comparison Exercise

Deng¹,

Nemser

Frost

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic veterinary diagnostic laboratories have tested diagnostic samples for SARS-CoV-2 not only in animals, but in over five million human samples. An evaluation of the performance of those laboratories is needed using blinded test samples to ensure that laboratories report reliable data to the public. This interlaboratory comparison exercise (ILC3) builds on two prior exercises to assess whether veterinary diagnostic laboratories can detect Delta and Omicron variants spiked in canine nasal matrix or viral transport medium. Methods: Inactivated Delta variant at levels of 25 to 1,000 copies per 50 microliters of nasal matrix were prepared for participants by the ILC organizer, an independent laboratory, for blinded analysis. Omicron variant at 1,000 copies per 50 microliters of transport medium was also included. Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) RNA was used as a confounder for specificity assessment. A total of 14 test samples were prepared for each participant. Participants used their routine diagnostic procedures for RNA extraction and real-time RT-PCR. Results were analyzed according to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 16140 - 2:2016. Results: The overall results showed 93% detection for Delta and 97% for Omicron at 1,000 copies per 50 microliters (22-200 copies per reaction). The overall specificity was 97% for blank samples and 100% for blank samples with FIPV. No differences in Ct values were significant for samples with the same virus levels between N1 and N2 markers, nor between the two variants. Conclusions: The results indicated that all ILC3 participants were able to detect both Delta and Omicron variants. The canine nasal matrix did not significantly affect SARS-CoV-2 detection.

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Transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta variant (B.1.617.2) from a fully vaccinated human to a canine in Georgia, July 2021

Cited by 15 publications

References 30 publications

One Health Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 in People and Animals on Multiple Mink Farms in Utah

One Health Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 in People and Animals on Multiple Mink Farms in Utah

Detection and Molecular Characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant and the Specific Immune Response in Companion Animals in Switzerland

Successful Detection of Delta and Omicron Variants of SARS-CoV-2 by Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Participants in an Interlaboratory Comparison Exercise

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