Transmission of potato spindle tuber viroid by aphids

Bokx, J. A. de; Piron, P.G.M.

doi:10.1007/bf01976653

Cited by 30 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…PSTVd was reported to be transmitted at low frequency in a nonpersistent manner by the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae (De Bokx and Pirone, 1981) and to be aphid transmitted to up to 100% of test plants from source plants in which it was in joint infection with PLRV (Salazar et al, 1995;Syller et al, 1997). However, in a detailed analysis of this transmission route, Singh and Kurz (1997) found only low rates of transmission (7%) in association with PLRV and, as mentioned in Chapter 12, Section III, D, 1, a, iv, there are some open questions concerning aphid transmission of viroids.…”

Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agents Resembling or Altering Virus Diseases

Hull

2014

Plant Virology

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Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agents Resembling or Altering Virus Diseases

Hull

2014

Plant Virology

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“…Early reports (Goss, 1930) suggested that PSTVd might be transmitted by chewing-insects, but these reports have not been confirmed. De Bokx & Piron (1981) reported a low rate of transmission by the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) but no transmission was obtained with either Myzus persicae (Sulz.) or Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for heterologous encapsidation of potato spindle tuber viroid in particles of potato leafroll virus.

Querci

Owens

Bartolini

et al. 1997

Journal of General Virology

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The aphid Myzus persicae (Sulz.) was shown to transmit potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) to potato clone DTO-33 from source plants doubly infected with potato leafroll virus (PLRV) and PSTVd. Transmission was of the persistent type and did not occur when the insects were allowed to feed on singly infected plants. Only low levels of PSTVd were associated with purified PLRV virions, but its resistance to digestion with micrococcal nuclease indicates that the viroid RNA is encapsidated within the PLRV particles. Epidemiological surveys carried out at three locations in China revealed a strong correlation between PSTVd infection and the presence of PLRV, suggesting that PLRV can facilitate PSTVd spread under field conditions. Like all known viroids, potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) is an independently replicating agent which completes its infection cycle without generating either a capsid or other viroid-specific proteins. Its genome is a small (359 nt), singlestranded, covalently closed circular RNA molecule whose extensive regions of intramolecular complementarity are responsible for its unusual stability in vivo (Sa$ nger et al., 1976 ;Riesner, 1987).In potato, natural spread of PSTVd has been repeatedly shown to occur either by foliar contact (Goss, 1926 ;Merriam & Bonde, 1954) or botanical seed (Hunter et al., 1969). Early reports (Goss, 1930) suggested that PSTVd might be transmitted by chewing-insects, but these reports have not been confirmed. De Bokx & Piron (1981) reported a low rate of transmission by the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) but no transmission was obtained with either Myzus persicae (Sulz.) or Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach).In contrast to PSTVd, potato leafroll virus (PLRV ; a member of the genus Luteovirus) is readily aphid transmitted, M. persicae being the most efficient natural vector (Goss, 1930). Like all luteoviruses, PLRV is restricted to the phloem tissue of Author for correspondence : Maddalena Querci.Fax j51 1 435 1570. e-mail m.querci!cgnet.com infected plants (Casper, 1988), and aphid transmission is both persistent and nonpropagative (Eskandari et al., 1979). PLRV has a narrow host range, and the virus is commonly found wherever potatoes are grown. Salazar et al. (1995) have recently reported that M. persicae could transmit PSTVd to potato and other test plants only when the source plant was doubly infected with PLRV and PSTVd. In some experiments, the percentage of PSTVd transmission reached 100 % ; no transmission was observed from source plants infected with the viroid alone, however. Here, we present results of experiments designed to elucidate the mechanism responsible for aphid transmission of PSTVd and discuss the possible epidemiological implications of our findings. A preliminary report of this work has been published elsewhere (Querci et al., 1996).As described earlier , occasional PSTVd contamination of PLRV isolates maintained at the International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru provided the first indication that PLRV might facilitate aphid transmission o...

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“…All viroids are transmissible by grafting, while a number of reports are for transmission through seeds and pollen of the infected plants [3,55,65,71,72,73,87]. There are a few reports of transmission of pospiviroid by insects [10,21]. Despite the free RNA nature of viroids, PSTVd can survive in freeze-dried tomato leaves at room temperature for several years [66] or in true potato seeds for over 20 years [72].…”

Section: Viroid a Novel Phytopathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The discovery and eradication of potato spindle tuber viroid in Canada

Singh

2014

VirusDis.

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In 1960s, potato spindle tuber was thought to be a viral disease. In 1971, the agent of the disease was characterised as a low-molecular weight infectious ribonucleic acid (RNA), which was named as 'viroid', specifically Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd)). Since then, more than 30 plant diseases in horticultural and ornamental plants have been shown to be caused by different viroids globally. Viroids are single-stranded RNA, covalently closed circular molecule, without any protein coat. They are the smallest known plant pathogen containing RNA genome ranging from 246 nucleotides (Coconut cadang-cadang viroid) to 399 nucleotides (Chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid). Some viroids are located in the plant cell nucleus (pospiviroids) and others in the chloroplast (avsunviroids). With the recognition of pathogenic nature of viroid, specific detection methodologies were developed, which enabled detection of PSTVd in seed-potato tubers prior to their planting in the field, and thus PSTVd was prevented from spreading the disease. As a result, PSTVd was eradicated from Canada in late 1980s. Viroids similar to PSTVd (Pospiviroid) have been discovered and they are detected in symptomless ornamental plants. Although, PSTVd has been eradicated from Canada, there is a strong possibility of viroid introduction from other plants besides potato and tomato and causing PSTVd like diseases.

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Transmission of potato spindle tuber viroid by aphids

Cited by 30 publications

References 5 publications

Agents Resembling or Altering Virus Diseases

Agents Resembling or Altering Virus Diseases

Evidence for heterologous encapsidation of potato spindle tuber viroid in particles of potato leafroll virus.

The discovery and eradication of potato spindle tuber viroid in Canada

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