Transmission of Plant-Pathogenic Viruses by Aphids

Watson, Marion A.; Plumb, R. T.

doi:10.1146/annurev.en.17.010172.002233

Cited by 60 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Artificial feeding transmission tests with R. padi and S. avenae were by standard procedures (Watson, 1972). The test solutions were (i) a sucrose gradient fraction containing approximately 50 p.g/ml P-PAV, (ii) purified R-PAV mixed with 30% sucrose to approximately 120 gtg/ml virus and (iii) 30% sucrose in 0.1 M-phosphate pH 6.0.…”

Section: Identity and Comparative Properties Of The P-pa V Isolatementioning

confidence: 99%

Purification, Identity and Some Properties of An Isolate of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus from Indiana

Hammond

Lister

Foster

1983

Journal of General Virology

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Section: Identity and Comparative Properties Of The P-pa V Isolatementioning

confidence: 99%

Purification, Identity and Some Properties of An Isolate of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus from Indiana

Hammond

Lister

Foster

1983

Journal of General Virology

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“…the activity represented by II-1) remains unclear. The 'ingestion-egestion' hypothesis posits that virions are regurgitated (egested) from the food canal into the inoculated plant (Watson & Plumb, 1972;Harris & Bath, 1973;Harris, 1977). Microscopic examination of aphid stylets penetrating membranes of stretched Parafilm has suggested that ink particles moved both into and out of the food canal, leading to speculation that egestion occurs during penetration of this artificial system.…”

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confidence: 99%

Intracellular salivation is the aphid activity associated with inoculation of non-persistently transmitted viruses

Powell

2005

Journal of General Virology

142

117

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Approximately 75 % of aphid-vectored viruses are transmitted in a non-persistent (non-circulative) manner. Localization studies indicate that such viruses are acquired via ingestion and retained in the food canal of the maxillary stylets, but the inoculation mechanism has remained unresolved. Electrical recording of stylet penetration activities reveals that inoculation is associated with the first intracellular activity (subphase II-1) following maxillary puncture of an epidermal cell. Subphase II-1 may represent virus inoculation via egestion (regurgitation of virions with food-canal contents) or salivation (saliva-mediated release of virions from the common food-salivary duct at the tips of the maxillary stylets). Here, inoculation of the circulatively transmitted Pea enation mosaic virus was used as a marker for intracellular salivation during epidermal cell punctures. The results confirmed that inoculation of non-persistently transmitted viruses (subphase II-1) is associated with active injection of saliva directly into the cytoplasm.Aphids are the most important group of plant virus vectors, transmitting at least 275 viruses (Nault, 1997). The majority (approx. 75 %) of these viruses are transmitted in a nonpersistent manner, a category of non-circulative transmission also known as stylet-borne (Kennedy et al., 1962;Nault, 1997). Although non-persistently transmitted viruses are a polyphyletic group, belonging to at least five genera (Nault, 1997;Pirone & Perry, 2002), the aphid transmission process is remarkably uniform. Acquisition and inoculation occur optimally during the brief (<1 min) epidermal stylet penetrations ('probes') that aphids make to assess host-plant suitability (Nault & Styer, 1972;Powell & Hardie, 2000). Considerable research effort has therefore focused on aphid probing activities and their consequences for the non-persistent transmission process. The mechanism of virus acquisition is well established as ingestion; virions are imbibed from virus-infected plants to their retention sites within the food canal of the maxillary stylets (Pirone & Perry, 2002). Much of our understanding of the acquisition and retention processes comes from studies on potyviruses, where a virally encoded helper component (HC) protein is required for transmission. When aphids acquire transmissible combinations of HC and potyvirus, virions are retained within the maxillary stylets (Berger & Pirone, 1986) where they show HC-mediated adherence to the cuticular lining of the food canal (Ammar et al., 1994; Wang et al., 1996). Uptake of virions occurs when the maxillary stylet tips puncture the plasma membrane of an epidermal cell (Lopez-Abella et al., 1988;Powell, 1991). These brief (3-15 s) intracellular punctures can be monitored using the DC electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique (Tjallingii, 1988) and appear as distinct potential drops (pds) in the recorded signal (Tjallingii, 1985). Three successive intracellular activities occur during each short pd, characterized as subphases II-1, II-2 and II-3, res...

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“…The former is unlikely since BYV is transmitted semi-persistently (Sylvester, 1956), with viable virus particles remaining in the foregut of the aphid (Watson & Plumb, 1972). The reduction in virus transmission was more likely to have been caused by differences in aphid behaviour.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of host plant-induced stomach precipitate on the ability of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) to transmit sugarbeet yellowing viruses

Williams¹,

Dewar²,

Dixon

1997

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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When Mx/zus persicae (Sulzer) feeds on healthy sugarbeet it develops a white precipitate inside its stomach which causes the stomach to enlarge. Infection of sugarbeet plants with beet yellows virus (BYV), but not beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV) results in further increases in stomach size. The influence of the white precipitate on the transmission of BYV and BMYV was investigated by rearing M. persicne on sugarbeet Beta vulgaris, Tetragouia expansa and Capsella bursa-pastoris, which are hosts for both BYV and BMYV, BYV and BMYV respectively, but the latter two hosts do not stimulate the formation of white precipitate in the aphid's stomach. Aphids reared on BYV-infected T. expansa were significantly better vectors of BYV than those reared on BYV-infected sugarbeet, but aphids reared on BMYV-infected C. bursa-pastoris did not transmit BMYV more efficiently than those reared on BMYV-infected sugarbeet. The consequences of these results for the spread of beet yellowing viruses are discussed.

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Transmission of Plant-Pathogenic Viruses by Aphids

Cited by 60 publications

References 62 publications

Purification, Identity and Some Properties of An Isolate of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus from Indiana

Purification, Identity and Some Properties of An Isolate of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus from Indiana

Intracellular salivation is the aphid activity associated with inoculation of non-persistently transmitted viruses

The effect of host plant-induced stomach precipitate on the ability of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) to transmit sugarbeet yellowing viruses

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