Transmission of Ovine Herpesvirus 2 from Asymptomatic Boars to Sows

Costa, Érica Azevedo; Viott, Aline de Marco; Machado, Glauber de Souza; Bomfim, Maria Rosa Quaresma; Coelho, Fabiana Magalhães; Lobato, Zélia Inês Portela; Resende, Maria Aparecida de; Guedes, Roberto Maurício Carvalho

doi:10.3201/eid1612.101453

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…There are few descriptions of vertical transmission from indicator host to offspring (18). However an outbreak of MCF in pigs following insemination of sows with contaminated semen from asymptomatic boars was reported recently (3). In the present case dam, siblings or other contact pigs unfortunately were not available for determination of a possible carrier status neither by PCR nor by a commercially available competitive inhibition ELISA (CI-ELISA).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…In the present case most small ruminants that most likely have had contact with the affected pig were identified as carriers of OvHV-2. Interestingly, asymptomatic carriers have been described among pigs which had no known contact to small ruminants (3,14). Usually disease transmission operates by cell-free virus from reservoir to indicator host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Malignant catarrhal fever in a Vietnamese pot-bellied pig

Lapp¹,

Förster²,

Kummrow³

et al. 2015

Tierarztl Prax Ausg G

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Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) represents a sporadic and often fatal disease in various ungulate species including rarely swine. A close contact between susceptible and reservoir species of ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) is a requirement for virus transmission. As in ruminants, a rapid course of disease with lymphohistiocytic meningoencephalitis and necrotizing vasculitis in multiple organs is frequently seen in porcine MCF. This report describes a case of MCF in a Vietnamese pot-bellied pig, which was kept in a zoological exhibit with direct contact to various ruminants. It represents the first description of porcine MCF with proven natural OvHV-2 infection in Germany. OvHV-2 should be considered as cause of fatalities among swine especially in mixed-species exhibits as present in many zoological gardens. Also farm pigs kept in free ranging husbandry systems with potential contact to sheep and other ruminant species may be at risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malignant catarrhal fever in a Vietnamese pot-bellied pig

Lapp¹,

Förster²,

Kummrow³

et al. 2015

Tierarztl Prax Ausg G

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“…Penyakit MCF secara umum dapat menyerang sapi dan hewan ungulata lainnya, termasuk bison , rusa (Schultheiss et al 2007) dan babi (Costa et al 2010). Di Indonesia, urutan kepekaan hewan terhadap MCF berturut-turut adalah sapi Bali (Bos javanicus), sapi Bali persilangan, kerbau (Bubalus bubalis), sapi Ongole (Bos indicus) dan sapi Brahman (Bos taurus) (Daniels et al 1988;Dettwiler et al 2011).…”

Section: Spesies Rentanunclassified

Malignant Catarrhal Fever in Indonesia and Its Control Strategy

Damayanti¹

2017

WARTAZOA

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Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is an immunoproliferative and lethal disease of many species of the order Artiodactyla (such as families Bovidae, Cervidae and Suidae) caused by a member of the MCF virus (MCFV) group belongs to the genus Macavirus in the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. There are two types of MCF i.e. Wildebeest-Associated MCF (WA-MCF) which is caused by Alcelaphine Herpesvirus-1 (AlHV-1) with wildebeest as reservoir animal; and Sheep-Associated MCF (SA-MCF) which is caused by Ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) with sheep and goats as reservoir animals. AlHV-1 virus has already been isolated whereas OvHV-2 has not been isolated so that vaccines are not yet available. Both types cannot be differentiated by clinical and pathological findings. This disease was previously diagnosed based on the epidemiological information and clinicopathological findings, but now it can be diagnosed by using molecular biological tests. This paper describes the epidemiology of MCF virus, MCF cases in Indonesia and efforts to control this disease. In Indonesia, SA-MCF cases have been reported almost in all provinces as endemic as well as epidemic nature. Separation of reservoir animal with susceptible species, "producing" a SA-MCF virus free sheep and attempt to develop a recombinant vaccine against SA-MCF is the main control strategy that can be suggested.

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“…But it is common among Bali cattle and a serious problem in countries where bison and cervids are reared as farm animals as these are highly susceptible (Li et al 2006, Russell et al 2009. Pigs are also infected with SA-MCF virus, which was reported mainly from Norway, however, reports have been pouring from other countries too (Loken et al 1998, Syrjala et al 2006, Alcaraz et al 2009, Azevedo et al 2010, Lapp et al 2015. Circumstantial evidence (antibodies to MCF viruses in some gnotobiotic and specific pathogen-free sheep) and the identification of virus-infected cells in colostrum and milk, suggest that vertical transmission of OvHV-2 is possible (Rossiter 1981).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Malignant catarrhal fever: recent update

Hussain

Kashoo

Wani

et al. 2017

Indian J of Anim Sci

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Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a serious, usually fatal disease affecting many species of ungulates of the subfamily Bovinae and family Cervidae including pigs and caused by a herpesvirus under the genus Macavirus in the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. Ten Macaviruses have been identified to date and 6 were found to be associated with clinical MCF. Alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1), which causes inapparent infection in wildebeest and ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2), which is associated with subclinical infections in sheep are the two most important herpes viruses that cause clinical wildebeest associated MCF (WA-MCF) and sheep-associated MCF (SA-MCF), respectively. The disease is characterized by accumulation of lymphocytes (predominantly CD8+ T cells) in a variety of organs, often associated with tissue necrosis. AIHV-1 can be recovered from animals, while OvHV-2 has never been recovered from affected animals, only OvHV-2 specific DNA is detected in cultured lymphoblastoid cells from infected animals. Diagnosis is normally achieved by observing the clinical signs, characteristic histopathological changes, ELISA and detection of viral DNA in the infected animals. Detection of viral DNA by PCR is becoming the method of choice for diagnosing the SA-MCF. Currently, there is no effective disease control measure. Attenuated AlHV-1 virus vaccine has been developed with varying degree of success for control of WAMCF in Africa. Separation of reservoir host from susceptible host or raising of OvHV-2 free sheep is the only solution for control of SA-MCF. In India, our group first confirmed SA-MCF in Kashmir. The present article updates current epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and control of MCF with special reference to India.

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Transmission of Ovine Herpesvirus 2 from Asymptomatic Boars to Sows

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

Malignant catarrhal fever in a Vietnamese pot-bellied pig

Malignant catarrhal fever in a Vietnamese pot-bellied pig

Malignant Catarrhal Fever in Indonesia and Its Control Strategy

Malignant catarrhal fever: recent update

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