Transmission of Nonviral Sexually Transmitted Infections and Oral Sex

Abstract

Introduction Oral sex is usually considered a lower-risk sexual activity when compared with sex, but it is frequently the cause of sexually transmitted infections (STI). In particular, STI transferred through oral sex might have no visible symptoms, depending on the type of infection. Aims The aim of this study is to review the literature about the role of oral sex in the transmission of nonviral STI. Main Outcome Measures State-of-the-art information in the area of STI in relation to sexual function and self–care, this last important for development of STI prevention products such as vaginal microbicides. Sexual behaviors assessed focusing on receiving oral sex and giving oral sex. Methods A search of the main electronic databases including registers of clinical controlled trials was performed in addition to a hand search of the most relevant Journals. The following electronic databases were searched: PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, literature review of research articles, and public health department Internet Web sites, for the period of 1945–2011. In addition to searching the Clinical Trials Registry at the US National Institutes of Health, we also used the meta Register of Controlled Trials and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Results STI affect the mucous membranes both directly and indirectly producing characteristic diagnostic signs and lesions. Daily dental clinical activity needs an appropriate knowledge of any kind of oral lesions-related STI. The reader is offered a practical approach with clinically relevant recommendations that may prove useful in his/her daily practice when dealing with STI. Conclusions These data provide a foundation for understanding diverse STI. We advise physicians to be receptive to discuss sexuality issues and provide patients with adequate therapy.

Release of nickel and chromium ions from orthodontic wires following the use of teeth whitening mouthwashes

“…In our study, the release of both ions from NiTi wires was higher than that from SS wires, although some differences were observed at different time-points. The results of our study showed that the release of ions from both wires in Oral B 3D White Luxe, Listerine Advance White, and Oral B was within the safe threshold [14, 26, 27], but the release of nickel from NiTi wires in Listerine was higher than this threshold probably due to the low pH of this solution. Thus, it seems that more attention must be paid when prescribing this rinse for patients with NiTi wires.…”

Sexually Transmitted Infection Knowledge among Older Adults: Psychometrics and Test–Retest Reliability

“…In her integrative review of HIV-related risks in older adulthood, Savasta [43] found that 88% of the articles reported that "system failures," such as lack of patient-provider communication and insufficient education programs, were associated with increased prevalence of HIV among older adults. As first-line responders in STI and HIV/AIDS prevention, physicians can be most effective by proactively assessing older patients' STI knowledge during periodic health exams and initiating routine discussions regarding sexual-health matters [44][45][46][47][48]. Yet, there are several known barriers to physicians engaging in these patient-provider discussions, including not understanding the importance of sexuality in later life [46]; having limited communication training skills, educational materials, and self-efficacy to talk about sexual health with older patients [24,45,48]; and lacking time to initiate these discussions [49].…”

Perianal Streptococcal Dermatitis Due to Streptococcus dysgalactiae ssp. Equisimilis in a Man Who Has Sex with Men

“…The majority of patients practice unprotected orogenital contact: oral sex is often performed without a condom or any form of barrier protection [11]. Analingus is a common practice among MSM and is implicated in the transmission of various enteric pathogens [12]. Furthermore, because of their larger numbers of sexual partners and prevalent mode of sexual practices such as analingus and anal intercourse, homosexual men commonly acquire giardiasis, amebiasis, shigellosis, and campylobacteriosis [12].…”