Transmission of Newcastle Disease Virus by Insects: Detection in Wild Fannia Spp. (Diptera: Muscidae)1

Rogoff, Wm. M.; Carbrey, E. G.; Bram, Ralph A.; Clark, T. B.; Gretz, G. H.

doi:10.1093/jmedent/12.2.225

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Collections were made Ͻ2 d and Ͼ2 d of depopulation. NDV was found in two pools of F. canicularis and one pool of F. femoralis (Rogoff et al 1975). Interestingly, house ßy pools were negative for NDV in this study.…”

supporting

confidence: 38%

“…Synanthropic ßies are thought to have contributed to the transmission and maintenance of ND in California in the 1970s, and ßy management was considered a factor in eradication (Bram et al 1974). The little house ßy, Fannia canicularis (L.), was incriminated in the transmission of ND in the California outbreak (Rogoff et al 1975). Seven species of ßies [Musca domestica L., F. canicularis, Fannia femoralis (Stein), Muscina stabulans (Fallen), Stomoxys calcitrans L., Ophyra (Hydrotaea) spp., and Phaenicia spp.]…”

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confidence: 99%

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Experimental Evaluation ofMusca domestica(Diptera: Muscidae) as a Vector of Newcastle Disease Virus

et al. 2007

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House flies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), were examined for their ability to harbor and transmit Newcastle disease virus (family Paramyxoviridae, genus Avulavirus, NDV) by using a mesogenic NDV strain. Laboratory-reared flies were experimentally exposed to NDV (Roakin strain) by allowing flies to imbibe an inoculum consisting of chicken embryo-propagated virus. NDV was detected in dissected crops and intestinal tissues from exposed flies for up to 96 and 24 h postexposure, respectively; no virus was detected in crops and intestines of sham-exposed flies. The potential of the house fly to directly transmit NDV to live chickens was examined by placing 14-d-old chickens in contact with NDV-exposed house flies 2 h after flies consumed NDV inoculum. NDV-exposed house flies contained approximately 10(4) 50% infectious doses (ID50) per fly, but no transmission of NDV was observed in chickens placed in contact with exposed flies at densities as high as 25 flies per bird. Subsequent dose-response studies demonstrated that oral exposure, the most likely route for fly-to-chicken transmission, required an NDV (Roakin) dose > or =10(6) ID50. These results indicate that house flies are capable of harboring NDV (Roakin) but that they are poor vectors of the virus because they carry an insufficient virus titer to cause infection.

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confidence: 38%

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confidence: 99%

Experimental Evaluation ofMusca domestica(Diptera: Muscidae) as a Vector of Newcastle Disease Virus

et al. 2007

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“…Although all ßy species were collected in small numbers, ENDV was isolated from the three most abundant species collected during this study. This is the Þrst report of ENDV isolated from Þeld-collected P. cuprina and M. domestica; ENDV had previously been isolated from F. canicularis and Fannia femoralis (Stein) from a commercial poultry operation during the 1971 END outbreak (Rogoff et al 1975). Given the small numbers of ßies collected, the prevalence of ENDV-infected ßies was high with Ϸ30% of the pools containing the three species mentioned above having one or more ßies per pool infected with virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…However, it also can be transmitted indirectly via contaminated equipment and persons Schwartz 1973, Burridge et al 1975). During the 1971Ð1973 California END outbreak, Rogoff et al (1975) isolated virus from pools of Fannia spp. collected at commercial poultry operations with ENDV infected birds, implicating this species as a possible vector of ENDV.…”

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confidence: 99%

Detection and Isolation of Exotic Newcastle Disease Virus from Field-Collected Flies

et al. 2007

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Flies were collected by sweep net from the vicinity of two small groups of "backyard" poultry (10-20 chickens per group) that had been identified as infected with exotic Newcastle disease virus (family Paramyxoviridae, genus avulavirus, ENDV) in Los Angeles County, CA, during the 2002-2003 END outbreak. Collected flies were subdivided into pools and homogenized in brain-heart infusion broth with antibiotics. The separated supernatant was tested for the presence of ENDV by inoculation into embryonated chicken eggs. Exotic Newcastle disease virus was isolated from pools of Phaenicia cuprina (Wiedemann), Fannia canicularis (L.), and Musca domestica L., and it was identified by hemagglutination inhibition with Newcastle disease virus antiserum. Viral concentration in positive pools was low (<1 egg infectious dose50 per fly). Isolated virus demonstrated identical monoclonal antibody binding profiles as well as 99% sequence homology in the 635-bp fusion gene sequence compared with ENDV recovered from infected commercial egg layer poultry during the 2002 outbreak.

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“…The spread of ND virus in communities has also been propagated by vectors such as P. cuprina and M. domestica [21], F. canicularis and Fannia femoralis (Stein) [22] which are highly prevalent in many developing countries especially the tropics thus contributing to the high incidence of NDV within these communities. Viral isolation was highest (80%) in in both cloacal and tracheal over that in the body tissues (20%), thus leading to high rates of shading and spread of the infection within communities.…”

Section: Open Access Ojvmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Newcastle Disease Virus Isolation and Its Prevalence in Uganda Poultry Farms

Kasozi¹,

Ssuna²,

Tayebwa³

et al. 2014

OJVM

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The present research work was carried out to isolate and identify Newcastle disease virus (NDV) by using haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and HA-HI virus isolation, embryonated eggs (EE) and chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF).A total of 95 clinical (blood, tracheal and cloacal swabs) and post-mortem (brain, lung, colon and spleen) samples were collected from chickens of field outbreaks of suspected Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The HI and HA-HI were employed to detect NDV in tissue homogenates of all the clinical and post-mortem samples as well as laboratory samples (AF and ICF). Among the four different types of post-mortem samples, virus isolation rate was found to be low in body organs. In CEF cell culture system, the rate of virus isolation from all the aforesaid samples was found to be at 100% with the exception of serum samples; while in tracheal and cloacal swabs, it was at 90%; while in serum, it was at 10%, in all clinical cases. The isolation rate of NDV was higher in CEF culture system (66.7%) compared to that of avian embryos (33.3%). Samples were inoculated and the allantoic fluid (AF) of the dead embryos and the infected culture fluid (ICF) of the CEF were harvested at 24 to 96 hours of the post-infection, respectively, which revealed that the virulent strain of NDV is highly prevalent in the region. The prevalence of NDV was established at 1.1%, 2.1% and 4.2% using HA-HI, EE, and CEF methods. Rapid detection and identification of the virus are crucial for the effective control of the disease as conventional diagnostic methods such as virus isolation on embryonated eggs followed by serological identification in haemagglutination-inhibition test are laborious and time-consuming. The speed of the diagnosis can be considerably increased by using methods based on molecular biology, e.g. reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. However, the genetic variability of APMV-1 isolates should be considered carefully as the potential cause for false negative results of genetic-based laboratory tests.

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Transmission of Newcastle Disease Virus by Insects: Detection in Wild Fannia Spp. (Diptera: Muscidae)1

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Experimental Evaluation ofMusca domestica(Diptera: Muscidae) as a Vector of Newcastle Disease Virus

Experimental Evaluation ofMusca domestica(Diptera: Muscidae) as a Vector of Newcastle Disease Virus

Detection and Isolation of Exotic Newcastle Disease Virus from Field-Collected Flies

Newcastle Disease Virus Isolation and Its Prevalence in Uganda Poultry Farms

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