Transmission of Mouse Minute Virus (MMV) but Not Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV) Following Embryo Transfer with Experimentally Exposed In Vivo-Derived Embryos1

Mahabir, Esther; Bulian, D; Needham, J. R.; Mayer, Anna; Mateusen, Bart; Soom, Ann Van; Nauwynck, Hans; Schmidt, Jörg

doi:10.1095/biolreprod.106.056135

Cited by 17 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Depopulation or rederivation by embryo transfer are generally considered the most effective eradication methods for emerging infectious agents, but efforts should also address the potential for vertical transmission. For example, some reports suggest the possibility of MPV transmission in utero, although this is not yet proven (Agca et al 2007;Mahabir et al 2007). Rigorous environmental decontamination is crucial to any eradication effort (Watson 2008).…”

Section: Management Of Emerging Infectious Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lurking in the Shadows: Emerging Rodent Infectious Diseases

Besselsen¹,

Franklin²,

Livingston³

et al. 2008

ILAR Journal

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Rodent parvoviruses, Helicobacter spp., murine norovirus, and several other previously unknown infectious agents have emerged in laboratory rodents relatively recently. These agents have been discovered serendipitously or through active investigation of atypical serology results, cell culture contamination, unexpected histopathology, or previously unrecognized clinical disease syndromes. The potential research impact of these agents is not fully known. Infected rodents have demonstrated immunomodulation, tumor suppression, clinical disease (particularly in immunodeficient rodents), and histopathology. Perturbations of organismal and cellular physiology also likely occur. These agents posed unique challenges to laboratory animal resource programs once discovered; it was necessary to develop specific diagnostic assays and an understanding of their epidemiology and transmission routes before attempting eradication, and then evaluate eradication methods for efficacy. Even then management approaches varied significantly, from apathy to total exclusion, and such inconsistency has hindered the sharing and transfer of rodents among institutions, particularly for genetically modified rodent models that may not be readily available. As additional infectious agents are discovered in laboratory rodents in coming years, much of what researchers have learned from experiences with the recently identified pathogens will be applicable. This article provides an overview of the discovery, detection, and research impact of infectious agents recently identified in laboratory rodents. We also discuss emerging syndromes for which there is a suspected infectious etiology, and the unique challenges of managing newly emerging infectious agents.

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Section: Management Of Emerging Infectious Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lurking in the Shadows: Emerging Rodent Infectious Diseases

Besselsen¹,

Franklin²,

Livingston³

et al. 2008

ILAR Journal

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“…For example, reports show that trysin treatment of embryos has not been successful in removing Sendai virus even after 12 washings (LavillaApelo et al 1991). Experimental infection with MVM and washing of embryos 10 times with medium revealed transmission of the virus by in vivo-derived embryos (Mahabir et al 2007a) but not by embryos produced by IVF of oocytes with MVM-coincubated spermatozoa (Mahabir et al 2008). This was an unexpected result that may be due to differences in the characteristics of the embryos themselves.…”

Section: Efficacy Of Washing Protocols and Embryo Transfer In Eliminamentioning

confidence: 89%

“…MPV was recently found in spermatozoal samples (Agca et al 2007), but it remains to be determined if embryos generated using MPVcontaminated sperm result in infected offspring. In a recent study (Mahabir et al 2007a) we demonstrated that MVMexposed in vivo-derived embryos washed ten times are still capable of transmitting the virus to recipient female mice. However, we also demonstrated that the IVF-ET procedure with MVM-contaminated spermatozoa resulted in the production of virus-free seronegative pups (Mahabir et al 2008).…”

Section: Transmission Of Pathogens By Spermatozoamentioning

confidence: 95%

“…A number of reports have shown that in vitro-derived 2-cell embryos (Peters et al 2006) and in vivo-derived 1-cell (Van Keuren and Saunders 2004) and 2-cell embryos (Carthew et al 1983(Carthew et al , 1985Mahabir et al 2007a;Reetz et al 1988;Suzuki et al 1996) did not pose a risk of transferring MHV during embryo transfer. In addition, embryos from mice from holding areas that were positive for MAdV, mouse rotavirus, MPV, or TMEV led to rederivation of the mouse lines (Van Keuren and Saunders 2004).…”

Section: Efficacy Of Washing Protocols and Embryo Transfer In Eliminamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rodent and Germplasm Trafficking: Risks of Microbial Contamination in a High-Tech Biomedical World

Mahabir¹,

Bauer²,

Schmidt³

2008

ILAR Journal

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High-tech biomedical advances have led to increases both in the number of mice used for research and in exchanges of mice and/or their tissues between institutions. The latter are associated with the risk of dissemination of infectious agents. Because of the lack of international standardization of health surveillance programs, health certificates for imported rodents may be informative but may not address the needs of the importing facility. Preservation of mouse germplasm is achieved by cryopreservation of spermatozoa, embryos, or ovaries, and embryonic stem cells are used for the production of genetically engineered mice. After embryo transfer, recipients and rederived pups that test negative in microbiological screening for relevant microorganisms are released into full barrier holding areas. However, current research shows that embryos may also transmit microorganisms, especially viruses, to the recipient mice. In this article, we discuss regulations and practical issues in the shipping of live mice and mouse tissues, including spermatozoa, embryos, ovaries, and embryonic stem cells, and review work on microbial contamination of these biological materials. In addition, we present ways to reduce the risk of transmission of pathogens to mice under routine conditions.

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“…Nevertheless, very small viruses such as picornaviruses (e.g., Mengo virus and Coxsackie B-4) and even porcine parvovirus have been shown to traverse the zp of murine embryos [19][20][21]. Furthermore, microspheres similar in size to parvoviruses were able to cross the zp [22]. Consequently, MVM might penetrate this protective barrier, which has been addressed experimentally using direct fluorescent antibody technique only.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment of Minute Virus of Mice Transmission During Rederivation: Detection in Reproductive Organs, Gametes, and Embryos of Mice after In Vivo Infection1

Janus

Smoczek

Hedrich

et al. 2009

Biology of Reproduction

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Murine parvoviruses, including minute virus of mice (MVM), represent major infectious disease problems encountered in contemporary laboratory animal research facilities with embryo transfer (ET), one of the most widely used techniques for rederivation. Using an in vivo approach, the objectives of this study were to assess the risk of MVM transmission during rederivation and to provide data that allow recommendation of preventive measures. Therefore, we determined whether immunosuppressive variant MVMi viral DNA is detectable in reproductive organs, gametes (oocytes and spermatozoa), and embryos collected from experimentally infected mice and whether washing as recommended before ET eliminates MVMi sufficiently from gametes and embryos. Fractions of reproductive organs tested positive from Day 5 to Day 30 postinoculation, demonstrating a risk for a minimum period of 4 wk; the highest incidence of positive organs was found between Day 9 and Day 13 postinoculation. Real-time PCR detected viral DNA to a lesser extent in male than in female reproductive organs. MVMi DNA was detected in oocytes and sperm cells derived after in vivo infection but not in two-cell embryos. In vitro contamination studies revealed that the virus firmly adheres to the zona pellucida after 10 wash steps, indicating that even extensive washing might not eliminate MVMi completely from embryos. According to this systematic in vivo approach, recommended measures to prevent transmission of MVM during rederivation include sufficient washing of embryos, accompanying testing using adequate (PCR) methods, and using embryos rather than in vitro fertilization techniques; furthermore, the exchange of gametes should be considered a risk factor.

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Transmission of Mouse Minute Virus (MMV) but Not Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV) Following Embryo Transfer with Experimentally Exposed In Vivo-Derived Embryos1

Cited by 17 publications

References 54 publications

Lurking in the Shadows: Emerging Rodent Infectious Diseases

Lurking in the Shadows: Emerging Rodent Infectious Diseases

Rodent and Germplasm Trafficking: Risks of Microbial Contamination in a High-Tech Biomedical World

Risk Assessment of Minute Virus of Mice Transmission During Rederivation: Detection in Reproductive Organs, Gametes, and Embryos of Mice after In Vivo Infection1

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