Transmission of leafhopper a virus, vertically through eggs and horizontally through maize in which it does not multiply

Ofori, F. A.; Francki, R. I. B.

doi:10.1016/0042-6822(85)90313-7

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, plants could also use pathogens of herbivores as a defense (Sabelis et al 1999;Elliot et al 2000). Although the role of plants as vectors of an insect virus has been suggested before (Ofori and Francki 1985;Gildow ans D'Arcy 1988), to our knowledge, we present the first direct evidence of the presence and transport of an insect virus in plants. Because this virus reduces the growth rate of the herbivore, this is likely to result in lower plant damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Viruses are transmitted horizontally among individuals within a generation and between generations, while vertical (or transovarial) transmission occurs from parents to offspring (Ofori and Francki 1985;O'Neill et al 1995). Previous experiments demonstrated that the horizontal transmission of the densovirus of the aphid M. persicae through saliva is more important than vertical transmission (van Munster et al 2003b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can plants use an entomopathogenic virus as a defense against herbivores?

Munster

Janssen

Clérivet³

et al. 2005

Oecologia

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It is by now well established that plants use various strategies to defend themselves against herbivores. Besides conventional weapons such as spines and stinging hairs and sophisticated chemical defenses, plants can also involve the enemies of the herbivores in their defense. It has been suggested that plants could even use entomopathogens as part of their defense strategies. In this paper, we show that Brassica oleraceae plants that are attacked by Myzus persicae aphids infected with an entomopathogenic parvovirus (M. persicae densovirus) transport the virus through the phloem locally and systematically. Moreover, healthy aphids that fed on the same leaf, but separated from infected aphids were infected via the plant. Hence, this is proof of the principle that plants can be vectors of an insect virus and can possibly use this virus as a defense against herbivores.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can plants use an entomopathogenic virus as a defense against herbivores?

Munster

Janssen

Clérivet³

et al. 2005

Oecologia

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“…Aphids placed on leaves from distant unexposed parts of the same plant also became RAAV positive. It is likely that horizontal transmission of RAAV involves the plant vascular system, as in the case of the transmission of another aphid virus, RhPV (18,19), and leafhopper A virus (20). Plant-mediated horizontal transmission of DplDNV also takes place, but only from leaves that have been in direct contact with the DplDNV-infected aphids.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Densovirus induces winged morphs in asexual clones of the rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea

Ryabov

Keane

Naish

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Winged morphs of aphids are essential for their dispersal and survival. We discovered that the production of the winged morph in asexual clones of the rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea, is dependent on their infection with a DNA virus, Dysaphis plantaginea densovirus (DplDNV). Virus-free clones of the rosy apple aphid, or clones infected singly with an RNA virus, rosy apple aphid virus (RAAV), did not produce the winged morph in response to crowding and poor plant quality. DplDNV infection results in a significant reduction in aphid reproduction rate, but such aphids can produce the winged morph, even at low insect density, which can fly and colonize neighboring plants. Aphids infected with DplDNV produce a proportion of virus-free aphids, which enables production of virus-free clonal lines after colonization of a new plant. Our data suggest that a mutualistic relationship exists between the rosy apple aphid and its viruses. Despite the negative impact of DplDNV on rosy apple aphid reproduction, this virus contributes to their survival by inducing wing development and promoting dispersal.development ͉ parvovirus ͉ pathogen ͉ polyphenism ͉ synergism P olyphenism, the production of discrete phenotypes based on the same genome, plays a central role in biology. The life cycle of alternate, cyclically parthenogenetic aphid species includes both a sexual generation and a number of asexual generations (1). In asexually reproducing clones, genetically identical aphids are either wingless (apterae) or winged (alate). Apterae show maximum fecundity, allowing rapid colony growth during long-day, warm conditions when resources are plentiful. Alates have lower fecundity, but are essential for dispersal and long-distance colonization of new plants (2, 3). Alates are generally not produced during the asexual phase of reproduction unless there is stress resulting from crowding or poor nutritional resources. The wing development in asexual clones of aphids is influenced by interactions between environmental and intrinsic factors. Several cues are implicated, including temperature, population density (tactile stimulation), nutritional quality of the host plant, and interactions with natural enemies and ants, although these cues are not universal inducers for wing development in asexual clones of different lines of the same aphid species (4, 5, 6). Increased production of alates was observed in Sitobion avenae reared on oats infected with barley yellow dwarf virus (7), although infection of Vicia faca with pea enation mosaic virus, bean yellow mosaic virus, or broad bean mottle virus did not increase production of alates in A. pisum (8). In addition, plant viruses have been reported to change aphid behavior as a result of physiological changes in the infected plants (reviewed in ref. 9).Several viruses of aphids have been characterized, including Myzus persicae densovirus (10); aphid lethal paralysis virus (11) and Rhopalosiphum padi virus (RhPV) (12), both members of the family Dicistroviridae; an iflavirus Brevicoryne brass...

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“…Several members of the Picornaviridae and the Nodaviridae infect insects and contain genomic RNA whose replication would result in dsRNA similar to that found in SPW-B (Matthews, 1982;Scotti etat., 1981;Williamson et al, 1988). Some of these viruses circulate nonpersistently in their plant hosts, and others cause lethal paralytic disorders in their insect hosts (D'Arcy et al, 1981;Gildow & D'Arcy, 1988;Harrap & Payne, 1979;Ofori & Francki, 1985;Scotti et al, 1983;Selling et al, 1990). The presence of Oligo-dT binding poly-A tracts, the fragmentation of the dsRNA under denaturing conditions, and the size of the dsRNA would suggest that the B-biotype SPW might contain a picorna-like virus replicating through transient replicative intermediates, but we have not yet been able to isolate virus particles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Biotype‐specific expression of dsRNA in the sweetpotato whitefly

Jimenez

Shapiro

Yokomi

1994

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two different biotypes of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), on the induction of squash silverleaf (SSL), and to determine if double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) occurs in geographically remote populations of the two biotypes. Recently collected B‐biotype whiteflies from Florida, Arizona, Mississippi, and Texas (SPW‐B) all contained a 7.0 kb dsRNA molecule. Kb dsRNA molecule. Laboratory colonies of A‐biotype whiteflies that were originally collected in 1981 from cotton in Arizona and California did not contain the 7.0 Kb dsRNA. When the two biotypes were compared only the SPW‐B induced rapid onset, grade 5, SSL. DsRNA similar to that found in adult SPW‐B was concentrated in whitefly nymphs, but host plant leaf tissue did not contain any consistent dsRNA molecules. SPW‐A only induced low‐grade SSL and progeny of SPW‐A that were fed on pumpkin plants displaying SSL did not acquire the ability to express dsRNA or induce SSL. Our data suggest that dsRNA is not directly involved in the induction of SSL and that SSL is a host‐specific response to a feeding injury induced by B‐biotype whiteflies. The origin and source of the 7.0 Kb dsRNA molecule remains enigmatic but its expression is constant in the whitefly biotype that is responsible for the induction of SSL and several other plant disorders in the U.S.

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Transmission of leafhopper a virus, vertically through eggs and horizontally through maize in which it does not multiply

Cited by 25 publications

References 6 publications

Can plants use an entomopathogenic virus as a defense against herbivores?

Can plants use an entomopathogenic virus as a defense against herbivores?

Densovirus induces winged morphs in asexual clones of the rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea

Biotype‐specific expression of dsRNA in the sweetpotato whitefly

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