Transmission of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> to Contacts  of HIV-infected Tuberculosis Patients

Carvalho, Anna Cristina Calçada; DeRiemer, Kathryn; Nunes, Zoelete B.; Martins, Marneili; Comelli, Mario; Marinoni, Alessandra; Kritski, Afrânio Lineu

doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.12.2103078

Cited by 53 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A more direct method to investigate the transmission of TB (36). A meta-analysis of eight studies comparing the prevalences of TST positivity among household contacts of TB index cases found a lower rate of TST positivity among contacts of HIV-infected than among contacts of HIV-uninfected index TB cases (64).…”

Section: Does Hiv Alter the Transmission Dynamics Of Tb?mentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV and Tuberculosis: a Deadly Human Syndemic

2011

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SUMMARY A syndemic is defined as the convergence of two or more diseases that act synergistically to magnify the burden of disease. The intersection and syndemic interaction between the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) epidemics have had deadly consequences around the world. Without adequate control of the TB-HIV syndemic, the long-term TB elimination target set for 2050 will not be reached. There is an urgent need for additional resources and novel approaches for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of both HIV and TB. Moreover, multidisciplinary approaches that consider HIV and TB together, rather than as separate problems and diseases, will be necessary to prevent further worsening of the HIV-TB syndemic. This review examines current knowledge of the state and impact of the HIV-TB syndemic and reviews the epidemiological, clinical, cellular, and molecular interactions between HIV and TB.

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Section: Does Hiv Alter the Transmission Dynamics Of Tb?mentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV and Tuberculosis: a Deadly Human Syndemic

2011

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“…There is a much greater risk of HIV/TB co-infected patients developing active TB, either from the latent infection being reactivated or due to the rapid progression of a new infection [10][11][12][13]. The risk of developing active TB in HIV patients increases from 5 to 15% annually, due to the latent infection being reactivated; this depends on the degree of immunocompromise [12,14,15].…”

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Factors related to HIV/tuberculosis coinfection in a Brazilian reference hospital

Carvalho¹,

Monteiro²,

Neto³

et al. 2008

Braz J Infect Dis

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Infection with both Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis is currently the world's leading cause of death due to infectious agents. We evaluated factors related to the development of tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-infected patients who were being treated at an infectious diseases hospital in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. From January 2004 to December 2005, we made an epidemiological study through the analysis of the medical records of 171 patients, who were diagnosed as having both HIV and tuberculosis. Among these co-infected patients, most (81%, p=0.0006) were male. Co-infection was more frequent (87.8%) among patients over 40 years of age and those with lower educational levels (less than eight years of schooling). Forty-one percent of the patients in the study had not had a smear culture test for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). CD4 cell counts were lower than 200 cells/µ µ µ µ µL in 71.9% of the patients, the mean being 169 cells/µ µ µ µ µL. This type of data is important for establishing strategies to improve the control of tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients.

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“…En la misma línea, pero en sentido contrario, el porcentaje de contactos íntimos/intensos encontrados en nuestro estudio (43,8%) es superior al encontrado en los mencionados trabajos 21,25,28 , existiendo estudios que ponen en evidencia la relación directa entre la intensidad del contacto y la posibilidad de transmisión de la infección tuberculosa [30][31][32][33][34] .…”

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Resultados de un estudio de Contactos de pacientes con Tuberculosis en la provincia de Toledo

et al. 2011

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RESUMENObjetivos. Conocer las características epidemiológicas de los contactos de personas con tuberculosis, la indicación de quimioprofilaxis primaria y/o secundaria en los mismos y el grado de seguimiento/perdidas del protocolo de estudio de los mismos. Diseño. Descriptivo, transversal. Emplazamiento. Área de Salud. Participantes. Universo de contactos de pacientes con tuberculosis estudiados en un servicio de Medicina Preventiva de un Área de Salud durante los años 2007 y 2008. Resultados. Fueron estudiados 419 contactos, los cuales tenían una edad media de 33,6 años; el 51,1% eran varones; el 17,4% eran inmigrantes con una estancia media en España de 5,3 años. Los factores de riesgo presentes en los mismos con mayor frecuencia fueron; tabaquismo (27%), consumo de alcohol (11,2%) y diabetes mellitus (1,2%). El 8,8% refería contacto previo con enfermos con tuberculosis, el 11% haberse realizado prueba PPD con anterioridad, el 6,7% haber recibido la vacunación BCG y el 3,3% haber realizado quimioprofilaxis con anterioridad. Únicamente el 1,7% de los contactos refería sintomatología compatible con tuberculosis. Respecto al tipo de contacto, el 6,4% era laboral (93,6% no laboral) y su intensidad diversa (intimo 10,9%; más de 6 h/d 32,9%, diario pero menos de 6 h/d 22,4% y más esporádico 33,7%). Las localizaciones más frecuentes de la enfermedad en los casos fueron pulmonar (78,4%), pleural (15%) y linfática (3,6%). Tras la realización del protocolo de estudio de contactos, el 42,5% precisó quimioprofilaxis primaria, el 11% quimioprofilaxis secundaria y el 1% pasó al estudio de enfermedad tuberculosa. El total de pacientes que no completaron el protocolo fue del 1,7%. Conclusiones. El estudio pone en evidencia la necesidad del estudio de contactos de pacientes con tuberculosis, ya que un alto porcentaje de los mismos precisan quimioprofilaxis. El porcentaje de pacientes que no completó el protocolo fue inferior al recogido en otras publicaciones, lo que probablemente determinó el escaso porcentaje de contactos que pasó a enfermedad. Palabras clave: Tuberculosis, Estudio Contactos, Medicina Preventiva. ABSTRACTResults of a Tuberculosis contacts study in the province of Toledo. Objective. The objective of this study is to determine the epidemiological characteristics of contacts of persons diagnosed with tuberculosis, the indication for primary or/and secondary prophylaxis and the degree of compliance to the study protocol. Design. Descriptive, Cross-sectional study. Participants. People who had a tuberculosis contact and screened in a Preventive Medicine Department of the Toledo Health Area during the years 2007 and 2008. Results. We recruited 419 contacts, with a mean age of 33.6 years of whom 51.1% were male and 17.4% were immigrants with an average stay of 5.3 years in Spain. The most frequent risk factors in our sample were: smoking (27%), alcohol (11.2%) and diabetes mellitus (1.2%); 8.8% reported previous contact with TB patients, 11% having had prior PPD, 6.7% had received BCG vaccination and 3.3% reported h...

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Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Contacts of HIV-infected Tuberculosis Patients

Cited by 53 publications

References 22 publications

HIV and Tuberculosis: a Deadly Human Syndemic

HIV and Tuberculosis: a Deadly Human Syndemic

Factors related to HIV/tuberculosis coinfection in a Brazilian reference hospital

Resultados de un estudio de Contactos de pacientes con Tuberculosis en la provincia de Toledo

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