Transmission of Hop Latent and Hop Mosaic Carlaviruses by Macrosiphum euphorbiae and Myzus persicae

Abstract

Macrosiphum euphorbiae and Myzus persicae, polyphagous aphid species commonly found within hop gardens in Australia, were confirmed as vectors of hop latent virus (HpLV) and hop mosaic virus in glasshouse trials. Both vectors transmitted either virus with equivalent efficiency. This is the first record of HpLV transmission by an aphid other than Phorodon humuli. Furthermore, aphids feeding on single infected plants, sequentially on plants infected with one virus and then the other or on co-infected source plants did not influence transmission efficiency of either virus, nor was the frequency of co-transmission affected by the order of virus acquisition. The role of these vectors in carlavirus epidemics in Australian hop gardens is discussed. Materials and MethodsTwo clones of My. persicae (one from a hop garden, and the other from a residential garden) and one clone www.blackwell-synergy.com

Viruses and Viroids Infecting Hop: Significance, Epidemiology, and Management

“…Horizon and Nugget plants was autocorrelated along rows and unaffected by basal growth contact (135), suggesting that mechanical transmission rather than direct plant contact is important for HpMV within yards. Analyses of the associations between HpLV and HpMV in Australian yards have also consistently suggested a strong positive association across cultivars and locations (136), probably reflecting shared means for localized spread once established in yards (47).…”

“…to hop by the alate form begins generally in early May but depends upon daily temperatures, after which apterous forms are produced on hop (58). The polyphagous potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) and green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) both vector HpMV and HpLV (3,4,47). These additional species are likely to be important in establishing new foci, especially in Australian and New Zealand hop yards where the hopdamson aphid is not present (76,113,139).…”

Carlavirus Species Infecting Hop Plants in Italy: Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Analyses of the Detected Isolates

“…HpMV, HpLM and AHLV are demonstrated to be transmitted in a non-persistent manner by the aphid vector Phorodon humuli [5]; for HpMV and HpLV, transmission by other commonly spread aphid species such as the green peach aphid Myzus persicae and the potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae has been ascertained [25]. Presence of P. humuli and aphids belonging to the Macrosiphum genus has been recently recorded in some Italian hop yards [26].…”

Prevalence and incidence of viruses in New Zealand hop (Humulus lupulus) gardens

“…37 (Adams &Barbara 1980), is not present in New Zealand or Australia. Therefore the spread of these viruses in these countries is believed to occur by other aphid species, suchasMacrosiphum euphorbiae and Myzus persicae (Adams & Barbara 1980Crowle et al 2006) and/or mechanical means. Other aphid species recorded on hop in New Zealand include Aphis gossypii, Aulacorthum solani, and Rhopalosiphoninus staphylae (Spiller & Wise 1982;Blackman & Eastop 2006), all of which are known vectors of a range of plant viruses.…”