Transmission of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection in an Intensive Care Unit

Perl, Trish M.; Haugen, Thomas H.; Pfaller, Michael A.; Hollis, Richard J.; Lakeman, Alfred D.; Whitley, Richard J.; Nicholson, Don H.; Hunter, G.A.; Wenzel, Richard P.

doi:10.7326/0003-4819-117-7-584

Cited by 38 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Localized lesions of the hand have been reported in personnel who sustained documented accidental inoculation of herpes virus 1, some of which simulated whitlow. 23,24 One case of virus varicella-zoster inoculation may have led to zoster in a physician after he had sampled a vesicle in a patient. 25 Zoonotic viruses.…”

Section: Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection risks following accidental exposure to blood or body fluids in health care workers: A review of pathogens transmitted in published cases

Tarantola

Abiteboul

Rachline

2006

American Journal of Infection Control

242

179

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Hospital staff and all other human or veterinary health care workers, including laboratory, research, emergency service, or cleaning personnel are exposed to the risk of occupational infection following accidental exposure to blood or body fluids (BBF) contaminated with a virus, a bacteria, a parasite, or a yeast. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or those of hepatitis B (HBV) or C (HCV) account for most of this risk in France and worldwide. Many other pathogens, however, have been responsible for occupational infections in health care workers following exposure to BBF, some with unfavorable prognosis. In developed countries, a growing number of workers are referred to clinicians responsible for the evaluation of occupational infection risks following accidental exposure. Although their principal task remains the evaluation of the risks of HIV, HBV, or HCV transmission and the possible usefulness of postexposure prophylaxis, these experts are also responsible for evaluating risks of occupational infection with other emergent or more rare pathogens and their possible timely prevention. The determinants of the risks of infection and the characteristics of described cases are discussed in this article.

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Section: Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection risks following accidental exposure to blood or body fluids in health care workers: A review of pathogens transmitted in published cases

Tarantola

Abiteboul

Rachline

2006

American Journal of Infection Control

242

179

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“…Although rare, nosocomial transmission of HSV‐1 from patient to patient, and from patient to healthcare worker, has been reported [33,59–61]. The source of these hospital and occupational infections is usually found to be HSV‐1‐positive respiratory secretions of patients.…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes simplex virus type 1 and respiratory disease in critically-ill patients: real pathogen or innocent bystander?

Simoons-Smit¹,

Kraan²,

Beishuizen

et al. 2006

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

106

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Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has been associated with pulmonary disease, mostly in severely immunocompromised patients. After reactivation and shedding in the oropharynx, the virus may reach the lower respiratory tract by aspiration or by contiguous spread. HSV-1 can be detected in clinical specimens by virus culture or quantitatively by nucleic acid amplification techniques. With these techniques, HSV-1 is often detected in the respiratory secretions of critically-ill patients. However, a clear diagnosis of HSV-1 pneumonia is difficult to establish because clinical criteria, radiological features and laboratory findings all lack specificity. Lower respiratory tract HSV-1 infections have not been associated with specific risk-factors. There is also an absence of consistent data concerning the effect of antiviral treatment on the outcome of critically-ill patients. Further studies are needed to better define the pathogenic role of HSV-1 in the lower respiratory tract of these patients, to improve the diagnosis, and, especially, to assess the need for antiviral treatment in the individual patient.

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“…Transmission during the postnatal period of HSV-1 via mucosal exposure has been reported in the literature [15][16][17][18]. In at least 1 neonate reported above, the initial vesicular lesion appeared at the site of trauma from vacuum placement during the delivery, which implies the possibility of an indirect mode of transmission from saliva or genital secretions to an open skin wound.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Primary Maternal Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Gingivostomatitis During Pregnancy and Neonatal Herpes: Case Series and Literature Review

et al. 2012

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Background. Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a serious, life-threatening infection that is usually acquired during birth from contact with infected maternal genital secretions. Primary maternal HSV gingivostomatitis is a rare occurrence during pregnancy, and HSV type 1 (HSV-1) neonatal disease after primary maternal HSV gingivostomatitis during pregnancy has not been reported in detail. Methods. We reviewed the medical records of neonates (28 days of age) with a confirmed diagnosis of neonatal HSV-1 at a single pediatric center from January 1981 to January 2010 to identify cases in which the mother had primary gingivostomatitis during pregnancy or at term. Results. Seven neonates whose mothers had primary HSV-1 gingivostomatitis during pregnancy were identified from a review of 48 neonates with laboratory-proven HSV-1 neonatal disease. Of the 7 women, 2 presented with symptoms of primary HSV-1 gingivostomatitis during the first trimester and 5 in the third trimester. Three of the neonates developed skin, eye, and mucous membrane disease, 2 developed central nervous system disease, and 2 developed disseminated disease. One of the neonates with disseminated HSV-1 disease died. Conclusions. Primary maternal HSV gingivostomatitis during pregnancy may lead to HSV-1 transmission to the neonate. Physicians caring for pregnant women should communicate the diagnosis of HSV gingivostomatitis to the neonate's primary provider to ensure proper surveillance, early evaluation, and prompt treatment.

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Transmission of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection in an Intensive Care Unit

Cited by 38 publications

References 8 publications

Infection risks following accidental exposure to blood or body fluids in health care workers: A review of pathogens transmitted in published cases

Infection risks following accidental exposure to blood or body fluids in health care workers: A review of pathogens transmitted in published cases

Herpes simplex virus type 1 and respiratory disease in critically-ill patients: real pathogen or innocent bystander?

Primary Maternal Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Gingivostomatitis During Pregnancy and Neonatal Herpes: Case Series and Literature Review

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