Transmission of Grapevine Leafroll-associated Virus 3 (GLRaV-3): Acquisition, Inoculation and Retention by the Mealybugs Planococcus ficus and Pseudococcus longispinus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Krüger, Kerstin; Saccaggi, Davina L.; Merwe, M. van der; Kasdorf, G. G. F.

doi:10.21548/36-2-955

Cited by 7 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…The principal means of dissemination of GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-3 in some Mediterranean and overseas countries is through infected plant material with several insect vectors from families Pseudococcidae and Coccidae which are quite ubiquitous (Cabaleiro and Segura, 1997;Krüger et al, 2006;Almeida et al, 2013). On the other hand the low percentage of infected plants with GLRaV-2 can be due to the fact that for this virus there is no insect vector and it is only transmitted through plant propagation material (Meng et al, 2005).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sanitary Status of the Grapevine Germplasm Collection in Republic of Srpska

Delić

Lolić

Đurić³

et al. 2017

AGR

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In July 2015, 179 grapevine plants belonging to 16 grapevine autochthonous cultivars were assessed for sanitary status using DAS ELISA test for the presence of: Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), Grapevine leafrollassociated virus 1 (GLRaV-1), Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2) and Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3). Furthermore, survey for the phytoplasma presence and laboratory analyses using nested-PCR/RFLP assay was conducted at the beginning of September 2015 on grapevine cultivars which were not positive in DAS ELISA test for the presence of the four viruses. Out of 179 tested plants with DAS ELISA test, 146 (81%) were positive for the presence of at least one virus. The most widespread viruses were GFLaV-1 and GFLaV-3 with approximately 80 % of grapevines infected. Nested-PCR/RFLP assay showed that out of 33 tested samples 2 were positive for the presence of phytoplasmas from 16SrXII group. Sanitation of infected grapevine cultivars is needed in near future.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sanitary Status of the Grapevine Germplasm Collection in Republic of Srpska

Delić

Lolić

Đurić³

et al. 2017

AGR

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“…Assuming that, as for GLRaV‐3, young leaves in spring contain low virus titres (Monis & Bestwick, ; Teliz, Tanne, Gonsalves, & Zee, ), crawlers settled on the new vines with a few virus particles that could make virus undetectable in vines some years after infection. The ability of mealybug nymphs to transmit GLRaV‐3 is lost 4 days after being removed from an infected source (Bertin, Pacifico, Cavalieri, Marzachi, & Bosco, ; Krüger, Saccaggi, Van der Merwe, & Kasdorf, ; Le Maguet, Beuve, Herrbach, & Lemaire, ; Petersen & Charles, ; Tsai et al, ). In Ph.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…aceris both virus detection and transmission of GVA and GLRaV‐1 ended, respectively, 5 and 7 days after leaving an infected source (Alliaume, ). Nymphs of Planococcus ficus (Signoret) were capable of transmitting after a retention time reaching 8 days when feeding on a non‐virus host and at least 2 days when starving (Krüger et al, ). Time interval between wind transport and settling on a new grapevine might take several days and could exceed retention time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gone with the wind: Aerial dispersal of Parthenolecanium corni crawlers in a newly planted grapevine plot

Hommay¹,

Wiss²,

Maguet

et al. 2019

Annals of Applied Biology

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Soft scales nymphs are suspected to propagate grapevine leafroll viruses in the vineyard, while moving from vine to vine, but results of long distance dispersion, especially those due to wind, are poorly known. Thus, a net of sticky cylindrical traps was placed in a newly planted grapevine plot to evaluate aerial dispersal of Parthenolecanium corni (Hemiptera Coccidae) nymphs. The plot was surrounded by vine plots infested by this species. Number of crawlers collected on traps was generally higher on the trap side exposed downwind and depended on population density of neighbouring vines. Coloured glitters of size and weight similar to that of crawlers were used to simulate wind transport. The highest number of glitters was trapped at the prevailing wind sector. A majority of glitters was found on traps close to dispersion cups, and the most remote were collected up to 165 m away from glitter source. Wind dispersal of crawlers was confirmed by colonisation of the new vine plot by P. corni, 2 years after plantation. The settling of P. corni on the young plot displayed no significant structure, as expected from a wind dispersal. Although grapevine leafroll viruses and Grapevine virus A were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in several batches of trapped nymphs, these viruses were not found in vines colonised by P. corni in the new plot within the 4 years following plantation.

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“…demonstrated in this study. It has been shown that viruliferous P. ficus lose GLRaV-3 and their infectivity within four days after virus acquisition, and when they moult (Krüger et al, 2006;Tsai et al, 2008). It is likely that mealybugs surviving on root remnants for several months will lose the ability to transmit GLRaV-3.…”

Section: Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), on grapevine root remnants in soil in the Western Cape Province, South Africa

Allsopp

Fourie

2019

SAJEV

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Grapevine leafroll is the most damaging grapevine virus disease in South Africa, and the primary vector of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) is vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret). Preventing re-infection of newly planted, virus-free grapevines is critical to control and prevent the spread of leafroll disease. Results from a previous survey raised concern that mealybugs surviving on leafroll-infected root remnants in the soil could transmit the virus to newly planted grapevines. This study aimed to determine if P. ficus commonly occurs on grapevine roots in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, if and for how long it can survive on remnant roots in soil, and if it can transmit GLRaV-3 to healthy grapevines after surviving on remnant roots. Surveys to determine the occurrence of mealybugs on grapevine roots were conducted at different times of the growing season in vineyards near Robertson, McGregor, Montagu, Somerset West and Malmesbury over three seasons. A field trial was conducted on a sand-clay-loam soil with 23% clay and a sandy-loam soil with 10% clay over 12 months to determine survival of different life stages of vine mealybug confined on root sections from leafroll-infected Pinotage/R110 grapevines. Results indicate that P. ficus does not readily occur on grapevine roots in the Western Cape, and that it does not survive well on root remnants of grapevines for any length of time. Implications for planting virus-free grapevines in soil where leafroll-infected vines were removed, are discussed.

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Transmission of Grapevine Leafroll-associated Virus 3 (GLRaV-3): Acquisition, Inoculation and Retention by the Mealybugs Planococcus ficus and Pseudococcus longispinus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Sanitary Status of the Grapevine Germplasm Collection in Republic of Srpska

Sanitary Status of the Grapevine Germplasm Collection in Republic of Srpska

Gone with the wind: Aerial dispersal of Parthenolecanium corni crawlers in a newly planted grapevine plot

Survival of vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), on grapevine root remnants in soil in the Western Cape Province, South Africa

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