Transmission of Blue-Stain Fungi by Ips typographus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Norway Spruce

Furniss, Malcolm M.; Solheim, Halvor; Christiansen, Erik

doi:10.1093/aesa/83.4.712

Cited by 73 publications

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“…Ophiostomatoid fungi are commonly found in galleries constructed by bark beetles and their larvae in the phloem and wood of mainly coniferous trees (Kirisits 2004). Fungi sporulating in the galleries can be carried in mycangia, special organs of bark beetles (Francke-Grosmann 1967, Beaver 1989, attached to the surface of their exoskeletons (Beaver 1989), in the digestive tracts of the beetles (Furniss et al 1990), or on mites phoretic on bark beetles (Moser et al 2010). Usually bark beetles are associated with more than one fungus.…”

Section: Fungal-bark Beetle Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study has shown that the European population of C. polonica could be treated as a single unit, and therefore no congruence with the genetic structure of its host tree Picea abies have been detected in Europe (Marin et al 2009). Mathiesen 1950, Rennerfelt 1950, Mathiesen-Käärik 1953, Solheim 1986, 1992a, 1992b, 1993b, Furniss et al 1990 Solheim 1986Solheim , 1992aSolheim , 1992bSolheim , 1993b Solheim 1986, 1992a, 1992b, 1993b, Furniss 1990, Savonmäki 1990, Krokene & Solheim 1996, Viiri 1997 …”

Section: Occurrence Of Ophiostoma Spp and Grosmannia Spp In Fennoscmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fungal isolations from Ips typographus obtained from an extensive outbreak area in Russia were done following the isolation method described by Furniss et al (1990). Samples of stained wood were transferred to 2 % MEA containing 1.5 % agar and 0.04 % streptomycin.…”

Section: Fungal Isolation and Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bark beetle-associated fungi in Fennoscandia with special emphasis on species of Ophiostoma and Grosmannia

Linnakoski¹

2011

Diss. For.

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Global trade in untreated timber and wood products raises the risk of accidentally introducing forest pests and pathogens into new environments. Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) include several species that are regarded as forest pests. These insects are known to live in close association with fungi, especially species of ophiostomatoid fungi (Ascomycota). Several of these fungi are agents of blue stain in timber, and some are serious plant pathogens. However, only little is known regarding the fungal associates of bark beetles, or the interactions between the fungus, the bark beetle and the host tree in the boreal forests of Fennoscandia.The aim of this study was to increase the knowledge regarding bark beetle-associated fungi in Fennoscandia, with special emphasis on the genera Ophiostoma Syd. & P. Syd. and Grosmannia Goid. Fungi associated with 13 different bark beetle species, infesting Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and birches (Betula L. spp.) in the eastern parts of Finland and neighboring Russia, as well as southern Norway, were isolated and identified. The fungal identifications were based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequence comparisons.The survey revealed the occurrence of at least 29 species of Ophiostoma and Grosmannia. All the bark beetle species considered in this study were frequently associated with a complex of ophiostomatoid fungi. Several species were recorded for the first time in the countries in the study. A surprisingly high number of previously undescribed fungal species were discovered. During the survey, eight of these species were described as new taxa. In addition, the study revealed new insect-fungus relationships. The number of taxa encountered, covering a relatively small geographical area, indicates that there are many more ophiostomatoid fungi occurring in the boreal forests of Fennoscandia than has previously been recognized. The study emphasizes the importance of developing a clear understanding of the possible threats of moving timber and wood products without knowledge of the micro-organisms that might also be moved.Keywords: blue stain, insect-fungus interactions, molecular systematics, ophiostomatoid fungi, Ophiostomatales, symbioses 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS "It's the journey that's important, not the getting there" (John McLeod). The writing of this dissertation has been a fascinating journey full of unforgettable experiences, from South African sunrises to a rail ride on the Trans Siberian Railway. It has also been a time of personal growth. The writing of a dissertation is a long journey, and obviously not possible without the support of numerous people. I've been truly privileged to start my journey in the world of science with many inspiring people. It's been a great pleasure to follow their enthusiasm and the deep commitment to the work they love. Thank you for passing on the passion for science! I would like to express my sincere thanks to all of you who have contributed and supported this project in v...

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Section: Fungal-bark Beetle Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Occurrence Of Ophiostoma Spp and Grosmannia Spp In Fennoscmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bark beetle-associated fungi in Fennoscandia with special emphasis on species of Ophiostoma and Grosmannia

Linnakoski¹

2011

Diss. For.

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“…Isolations were made from mature and immature beetles, larvae, pupae and from dis coloured wood. In addition, isolations were made from stained bark and sapwood of larch logs, six weeks after adult I. cembrae had been inoculated into these logs, following a similar method to that described by Furniss et al (1990) and Krokene & Solheim (1996). In addition to isolates obtained from beetles or infected tissue, isolates were obtained by transferring ascospores and conidia from sexual (perithecia) and asexual (conidiophores) fungal structures occurring in the galleries of the insects.…”

Section: Blue-stain Fungi From Larch Bark Beetles In Central Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic relationships between the European and Asian eight spined larch bark beetle populations (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) inferred from DNA sequences and fungal associates

Stauffer¹,

Kirisits²,

Nussbaumer³

et al. 2001

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. The eight spined larch bark beetles infest various species of Larix in Europe and Asia. Ips cembrae is the only Ips species with larch as its main host. Ips subelongatus, Ips fallax, Ips shinanonensis and Ips cembrae var. engadinensis are treated as syno nyms of I. cembrae. These three putative species and the one variety are distinguished by their host tree and geographic distribution, as it is not possible to distinguish them on the basis of morphological differences. Beetles were collected from European and Asian populations, and from hosts and geographic areas where the species were first found and described and in their natural ranges of dis tribution. These beetles were used to study the phylogenetic relationships of the eight spined larch bark beetles. A region of the mito chondrial gene was analysed and the blue-stain fungi associated with I. cembrae in Europe were investigated and compared with those recorded as associated with the larch bark beetle in Japan. Only minor sequence differences were detected between the popula tions in Europe and Asia. However, the European populations differed by 4.3% from the Asian populations. The phylogenetic analysis placed the European and Asian haplotypes in significantly distinct clusters. This distinction was supported by the finding of an insertion/deletion in a non-coding region of the mitochondrial DNA. Furthermore, there are differences in the fungi associated with the eight spined larch bark beetles in Europe and Japan. The results suggest that the I. cembrae complex contains at least two taxa: I. cembrae infesting larch in Europe and I. subelongatus infesting larch in Asia.

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“…in the border with Germany were totally disrupted due to infestation by Ips typographus L. This outbreak was accompanied by marked blue staining of sapwood around bark beetle galleries which is caused by several kinds of ophiostomoid fungi transmitted by bark beetles as well. I. typographus vectors several blue-stain fungi, spores of which are carried both externally and internally (FURNISS et al 1990). The role of these fungi in tree-killing has been discussed for a long time.…”

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confidence: 99%

Induced wound response of Norway spruce Picea abies P. Karst. after artificial inoculation by imagoes of Ips typographus

Jankovský¹,

Novotný²,

Mrkva³

2003

J. For. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:Inoculation experiments were carried out on a set of trees with imagoes of Ips typographus L. which origin from the Šumava Mts. and the Křtiny Training Enterprise. The objective of back inoculations was to determine whether species found on the surface of Ips typographus imagoes spread after the inoculation also through host tissues. It the vicinity of inoculation by Ips typographus imagoes, marked necrotic zones are evident including symptoms of the penetration of vascular pathogens through phloem and sapwood. The most marked reactions were observed in case of inoculation by an untreated Ips typographus imago. Treatment of Ips typographus imagoes by Ibefungin and Fundazol preparations did not demonstrate expected effects in full scale. The spores of several ophiostomoid fungi like Ceratocystis polonica (Siem.) C. Moreau were observed on the surface of bark beetles and at the same time were re-isolated from wounds inoculated by Ips typographus imagoes. The other fungi like Ophiostoma bicolor Davidson & Wells, Leptographium cf. lundbergii Lagerberg & Melin., Pezicula eucrita Karst., Phomopsis sp. and other were found in wounds with the imagoes artificial infection.

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Transmission of Blue-Stain Fungi by Ips typographus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Norway Spruce

Cited by 73 publications

References 0 publications

Bark beetle-associated fungi in Fennoscandia with special emphasis on species of Ophiostoma and Grosmannia

Bark beetle-associated fungi in Fennoscandia with special emphasis on species of Ophiostoma and Grosmannia

Phylogenetic relationships between the European and Asian eight spined larch bark beetle populations (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) inferred from DNA sequences and fungal associates

Induced wound response of Norway spruce Picea abies P. Karst. after artificial inoculation by imagoes of Ips typographus

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