Transmission line positive sequence impedance estimation based on multiple scans of Phasor Measurements

Estimation of the Frequency-Dependent Parameters of Transmission Lines by Using Synchronized Measurements

“…Such measurements can be obtained through synchronized measurements via PSCAD simulations. In real cases, these values can be obtained through fault records by digital relays and subsequent Reference Year Focus of the paper [10] 1999 TLPE at fundamental frequency via LS for transmission line remote protection [23] 2001 TLPE at fundamental frequency via Generalized Equation Error [24] 2003 TLPE at fundamental frequency together with fault/detection location technique [12] 2008 TLPE at fundamental frequency via Newton-Raphson algorithms using measurements at both ends [22] 2008 TLPE at fundamental frequency via Newton-Raphson algorithms using synchronized measurements at both ends [16] 2009 TLPE at fundamental frequency via LS using re-synchronized measurements [18] 2011 TLPE at fundamental frequency via Extended-Kalman Filter (EKF) using Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) measurements [25] 2011 TLPE at fundamental frequency via an optimization model using long-term synchronized phasor measurements [26] 2012 TLPE at fundamental frequency via LS for evaluation of the influence of different transmission line lengths [27] 2013 TLPE at fundamental frequency via LS and Kirchoff's Law using PMU measurements [28] 2014 TLPE at fundamental frequency via weighted least squares (WLS) and PMU measurements [17] 2015 TLPE at fundamental frequency via LS considering a hybrid domain model (phase and modal) using synchronised fault records [29] 2017 TLPE at fundamental frequency via Nonlinear Weighted Least Squares (NWLS) using two devices to acquire measurements, PMU and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) [19] 2017 TLPE at fundamental frequency via an optimization model solved through a derived Newton method [30] 2018 TLPE at fundamental frequency via Cloud Computing using PMU and SCADA measurements [13] 2018 TLPE at fundamental frequency via a M-estimator using PMU measurements [31] 2019 TLPE at fundamental frequency via recursive least-squares (RLS) using one terminal data sampling [32] 2020 TLPE at fundamental frequency via Kalman filter methods using synchronized measurements [15] 2021 TLPE at fundamental frequency via two LS methods using synchronized measurements [33] 2021 TLPE at fundamental frequency via an optimization model solved through Firefly Algorithm (FA) [34] 2021 TLPE at fundamental frequency via an optimization model solved through Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) using voltage and current measurements frequency decomposition [39].…”