Transmission laser welding of amorphous and semi-crystalline poly-ether–ether–ketone for applications in the medical device industry

Amanat, Negin; Chaminade, Cédric; Grace, J. Kusuma; McKenzie, David R.; James, Natalie L.

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2010.04.051

Cited by 98 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Semi-crystalline polymers such as PAEK are opaque to visiblenear infrared light. Nevertheless, some studies go inside more knowledge about transmission laser welding of PEEK: Amanat et al [9] give the parameters ranges to get strong welds of 250 µm thick films with an infrared absorbing medium at the interface, with a pulsed fiber laser with a wavelength of 1060 nm. As a result, some bubbles are trapped at the interface: the explanation given by the authors is the presence of water in the specimens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potente et al [10] welded undried and pre-dried PEEK, they noticed bubbles in the undried PEEK welds only. Sometimes, heat damages are reported [9] on amorphous PEEK at a power of 20 W with a focal plane speed of 4 mm.s − 1 . Despite the fact that authors agree about the effect of water, the process parameters, such as power and sample speed, are not well defined yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In-situ infrared thermography measurements to master transmission laser welding process parameters of PEKK

Villar

Girard

Chabert

et al. 2018

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

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The temperature field along the thickness of the specimens has been measured during transmission laser welding. Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) is a very high performance thermoplastic with tunable properties. We have shown that this grade of PEKK can be turned to quasi-amorphous or semi-crystalline material, due to its slow kinetics of crystallization. Its glass transition temperature is 150 °C. The effect of its crystalline rate directly impacts its optical properties: the transmittance of quasi-amorphous PEKK is about 60% in the NIR region (wavelength range from 0.4 to 1.2 µm) whereas it is less than 3% for the semi-crystalline material. The welding tests have been carried out with an 808 nm laser diode apparatus. The heat field is recorded during the welding experiment by infrared thermography with the camera sensor perpendicular to the lasersheet and to the sample's length to focus on the welded interface. The study is divided in two steps: firstly, a single specimen is irradiated with an energy density of 22 J.mm − 2 : the whole sample thickness is heated up, the maximum temperature reaches 222 ± 7 °C. This temperature corresponds to about T g + 70 °C, but the polymer does not reach its melting temperature. After that, welding tests were performed: a transparent (quasi-amorphous) sample as the upper part and an opaque (semi-crystalline) one as the lower part were assembled in static conditions. The maximum temperature reached at the welded interface is about 295 °C when the upper specimen is irradiated for 16 s with an energy density of 28 J.mm − 2 . The temperature at the welded interface stays above T g during 55 s and reached the melting temperature during 5 s before rapid cooling. These parameters are suitable to assemble both polymeric parts in a strong weld. This work shows that infrared thermography is an appropriate technique to improve the reliability of laser welding process of high performance thermoplastics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-situ infrared thermography measurements to master transmission laser welding process parameters of PEKK

Villar

Girard

Chabert

et al. 2018

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In normal overlap laser transmission welding of polymers, the laser beam heats the lower substrate which in turn transfers heat to the upper, laser transparent layer [7,8]. A mutual melting pool then solidifies on cooling to create the joint.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It involves localized heating at the interface of the two materials to be joined, one of which must be optically transparent to the laser beam and the other highly absorbent. Infra-red absorbing materials are sometimes introduced into the space between the substrates in order to help form the seal, as in the Clearweld © process [7,[14][15][16]. Other work has been carried out in welding of white and transparent thin polypropylene and polyethylene films of low and high density, at speeds of 20m/s using a CO 2 laser [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-contact laser sealing of thin polyester food packaging films

Brown

Kerr

Parkin

et al. 2012

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

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We describe a laser-based, non-contact sealing technique for thin, polyester-based lidding films, used in PET containers for food packaging. The method uses a beam-steered laser to seal the container, thereby enabling virtually instant changeover from one product line to another. Unlike conventional sealing PET film processes, no bespoke tooling is required to hold the package components in close proximity and under pressure whilst the seal is formed.This greatly reduces sealing machine tooling costs and potential downtime at product changeovers. Results are presented that show that the process is able to produce seals of higher strength using thin (26µm) polyester film than those from the conventional thermal/mechanical process. This provides a potential for increased production flexibility, reduction in product wastage, and for reducing the cost and embodied energy in construction of a less massive sealing machine.

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“…The work materials used for this study were a semitransparent PMMA and an ABS-PC alloy, opaque in near-infrared spectrum. Amanat et al [13] assessed the efficiency of laser transmission welding of PEEK using Clearweld® as the infrared absorbing medium. Acherjee et al [14] presented a study on the effects of laser transmission contour welding parameters on the weld quality of acrylics.…”

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confidence: 99%

Empirical Modeling and Multi-Response Optimization of Laser Transmission Welding of Polycarbonate to ABS

Acherjee

Kuar

Mitra

et al. 2015

Lasers Manuf. Mater. Process.

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In present research, laser transmission welding of polycarbonate to ABS has been investigated through empirical modeling. The effect of laser power, welding speed, stand-off distance and clamp pressure on weld strength and track width is investigated using the empirical models developed by response surface methodology. Laser power and stand-off distance have shown the dominant effect on the weld strength and track width, respectively. Numerical and graphical optimization schemes are used to find out the optimal welding conditions which satisfy multiple objectives, simultaneously. The optimal welding parameter combinations are presented in favors of high welding strength and low track width. Overlay graphs are plotted by superimposing the contours for the various response surfaces. Optimal solutions are found that would improve the weld quality within the selected range of process parameters.

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Transmission laser welding of amorphous and semi-crystalline poly-ether–ether–ketone for applications in the medical device industry

Cited by 98 publications

References 31 publications

In-situ infrared thermography measurements to master transmission laser welding process parameters of PEKK

In-situ infrared thermography measurements to master transmission laser welding process parameters of PEKK

Non-contact laser sealing of thin polyester food packaging films

Empirical Modeling and Multi-Response Optimization of Laser Transmission Welding of Polycarbonate to ABS

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