Transmission cost allocation based on the use of system and considering the congestion cost

Utilization efficiency of electrical equipment within life cycle assessment: Indexes, analysis and a case

“…According to equation (5), in order to determine burden rate, the three factors, namely line operating ratio, reserve percentage and load dispersion coefficient should be taken into account. The reserve percentage of electrical equipment influences capacity planning.…”

“…The total reserve capacity is determined by the reliability of power system, generally accounting for 20e30% of peak load [38]. Equation (5) shows that the lower the reserve percentage is, the higher the burden rate would be. Load dispersion coefficient.…”

“…Moreover, assets investment in power system is also huge. Among the huge assets in power system, sunk cost occupies a large proportion, up to 77.5% [4,5]. Sunk assets mainly include overhead lines, cables, towers, transformers, switches, reactive compensation capacitor, etc.…”

Power flow tracing based transmission congestion pricing in deregulated power markets

“…Jana explains the calculation of transmission congestion cost using Line Wise Cost and Line Impact Cost from the distribution of power flow among the congested lines [18]. Nikoukar and Haghifam propose a simple transmission pricing scheme using tracing based proportional tree, in which transmission fixed cost, congestion cost and loss cost are considered [19]. Liu et al explains a method in which the incentives are provided to use and build a transmission line [20].…”

China’s electricity transmission and distribution tariff mechanism based on sustainable development

“…Bharatwaj et al [23] presented a new transmission pricing paradigm based on the flexible mix and match approach, which aimed to create a generic flexible toolbox that considers the viewpoints and preferences of all the stakeholders. Nikoukar and Haghifam [24] proposed a simple transmission pricing scheme using the tracing method based on the proportional tree, in which the transmission fixed cost, congestion cost and loss cost are considered. It can provide useful economic information to market users, such as generation companies, transmission companies and customers.…”