Transmission characteristics of 1.55 and 2.04 µm laser carriers in a simulated smoke channel based on an actively mode-locked fiber laser

Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate a free-space data transmission system in an indoor simulated smoke chamber with a laser carrier of an erbium-doped actively mode-locked fiber laser and a holmium-doped actively mode-locked fiber laser. Two additional semiconductor lasers operating at 0.85 and 1.06 µm are used to calibrate the visibility of a smoke channel using the Ijaz model and compare smoke attenuation with 1.55 and 2.04 µm lasers. The eye patterns and bit error rates of 1.55 and 2.04 µm laser carriers with a data rate of 4.04 Gbps are investigated experimentally at 0.5, 0.05, and 0.005 km visibilities. The experimental results show that the smoke attenuation is wavelength dependent for V < 0.5 km. As the visibility decreases, the long wavelength laser is less affected by the attenuation and power fluctuation caused by Mie scattering. The measured optical signal-to-noise ratios of the 1.55 and 2.04 µm laser carriers for V = 0.005 km are 4.83 and 8.62 dB, respectively. The corresponding link sensitivities are −14.59 and −17.74 dBm, respectively, indicating that the 2.04 µm data transmission system is more reliable under an extremely dense smoke condition.

Enabling WiGig Communications Using Quantum-Dash Laser Source Under Smoky Weather Conditions

“…Dry smoke particle generation is achieved using a smoke generator machine, which heats the glycerol-based liquid [13], [14]. Inlets/outlets and fans are used to control the density and distribution of the smoke within the chamber.…”

“…In [12] and [13], authors investigated and modeled the amount of signal attenuation due to smoke particles for FSO links. In [14], the authors found that using a 2 µm wavelength light source is less attenuated by smoke than using 1.5 µm.…”

2.1 m, high-energy dissipative soliton resonance from a holmium-doped fiber laser system

“…Pulsed fiber lasers of 2.1 µm have gained widespread interest due to their inherent advantages in a range of application fields, including free-space communication, mid-infrared nonlinear frequency conversion and so on [1][2][3][4] . For example, in free-space communication, a high repetition frequency (~GHz) pulsed laser in the 2.1 µm band exhibits more reliable data transmission than a short-wave high repetition frequency pulsed laser in extremely dense smoke conditions [1] .…”

“…1 μm. An optimized UHNAF with normal dispersion and high nonlinearity and an output coupler with large coupling ratio are employed to obtain high energy pulse.…”

Passively Modelocked All-PM Thulium-Doped Fiber Laser at 2.07μm

“…here is a strong motivation to develop reliable oscillators with emission wavelengths at 2 m and beyond, as they could be used in free-space optical communication [1], low-latency hollow-core fiber interconnection [2], cutting/engraving/welding of plastics [3], laser scalpels [4], eye-safe light detection and ranging (LIDAR) [5], remote sensing [6], real-time spectroscopy [7], optical biopsy [8], etc. Generally, fiber lasers operating around 2 μm can be realized with thulium-doped fibers (TDF) or holmium-doped fibers (HDF) as medium gain [9].…”