Transmission attributes and resistance to rose rosette virus

Abstract

Rosette caused by rose rosette virus (RRV) is a devastating disease of rose in the United States. The virus was discovered in 2011 and Koch's postulates completed in 2015. Because of these recent discoveries, assumptions about the disease including movement, transmission and resistance are based on visual observations of material that may or may not have been infected by the virus. This study addresses several aspects of virus and disease dynamics. Twenty rose genotypes were screened for mite and/or virus resistance. Phyllocoptes fructiphilus, the only known vector of RRV, was able to establish, lay eggs and develop nymphs and adults in all rose genotypes. Cultivar ‘Stormy Weather’ showed resistance to the virus as assessed in both mite and cleft‐grafting transmission experiments. Mites showed a long acquisition/latent period but a rapid inoculation time for RRV. Knowledge of resistance as well as transmission attributes will assist in better management of vector and disease. The identified resistant genotype would be used in areas with high disease pressure to minimize spread, for identification of the mechanisms behind resistance or as a breeding parent to incorporate virus resistance to new cultivars. The short inoculation access period suggests that chemical control for this vector may be challenging to undertake.

The population structure of Rose rosette virus in the USA

“…For a small number of samples, the protocol of Poudel et al [25] was used. All samples were tested by RT-PCR [26] to confirm the presence of the virus.…”

Facing Rose rosette virus: A risk to European rose cultivation

“…Nevertheless, early detection is crucial, and identification and eradication of infected plants are necessary for effective control of RRD (Hong et al ., 2012). Pruning out parts of plants with symptoms does not eliminate the virus and should be avoided to minimize the persistence of the virus after overwintering in the root system (Di Bello et al ., 2017). Ideally, all multiflora roses in a 100 m radius should be removed, because they serve as a source of inoculum for RRV (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 2016).…”

“…Other symptoms that may be expressed are darkening of canes, short internodal distances, blind shoots, rough leaf texture, and an increased susceptibility to infection, especially by fungal diseases (Hong et al ., 2012). Infected plants die within 3–5 years of becoming infected (Di Bello et al ., 2017).…”

Pest survey card on rose rosette virus

“…Non-viruliferous mites will acquire RRV by feeding on infected plants for a certain time period (acquisition access period) (EPPO, 2018). Di Bello et al (2018) demonstrated that the minimum acquisition access period for RRV is 5 days. It has been shown that other emaraviruses, namely maize red stripe virus and wheat streak mosaic virus do not have transovarial transmission by their vector Aceria tosichella (Mielke-Ehret and Mühlbach, 2012).…”

“…Dobhal et al (2016) tested the assay on 30 field-collected infected samples, which were all successfully rated as positive, suggesting a 100% diagnostic sensitivity within the limits of this study. Di Bello et al (2018) worked on an amended protocol based on that first described by Laney et al (2011); however, they did not record diagnostic sensitivity or detection success rate in any way. Lastly, Laney et al (2011) reported that all 84 symptomatic plant samples collected for testing, tested positive while the 30 symptomless plants tested negative.…”