Transmission and Clinical Features of Enterovirus 71 Infections in Household Contacts in Taiwan

Abstract

UTBREAKS OF ENTEROVIrus 71 have been documented since it was recognized in California in 1969. 1 Fatalities in adults and children have been reported in Bulgaria, Hungary, and Malaysia. 2-4 The largest and most severe enterovirus 71 epidemic occurred in Taiwan in 1998. 5-10 The clinical syndromes and severity of cases were diverse. Thousands of cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and herpangina occurred, 405 experienced severe neurological complications, such as encephalitis, meningitis, poliolike syndrome, and encephalomyelitis, and/or pulmonary edema. 9 Among the 405 complications, 78 children died. 9 In a seroepidemiological study before and after the 1998 outbreak, we found that preepidemic and postepidemic enterovirus 71 seroprevalence rates in adults and children older than 6 years ranged from 57% to 67%. 11 The postepidemic enterovirus 71 seropositive rates among children younger than

Modelling the effects of contaminated environments on HFMD infections in mainland China

“…Deterministic models for HFMD have been discussed by many researchers, but such models mainly considered the direct transmission rate although there is evidence showing that recessive subpopulation can infect others and so should not be neglected (Ma et al, 2013;Chang et al, 2004). Hence, in our model the infected individuals are divided into two subgroups (symptomatic and asymptomatic).…”

Prolonged Symptoms in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients with Enteroviral Meningitis

“…Patient one had classic risk factors for enteroviral infection, in particular, exposure to ill household contacts, including an infant in diapers [10]. His initial clinical presentation, including the associated gastrointestinal symptoms, was also typical.…”

Dominant CD4‐dependent RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase‐specific T‐cell responses in children acutely infected with human enterovirus 71 and healthy adult controls

“…We also found a frequent occurrence of CD4-dependent RdRp-specific T-cell responses in healthy adults, suggesting a potentially protective role of these responses, which may partially explain the asymptomatic and mild disease outcomes in adults who were previously exposed/infected with EV71. 39,40 It is reported that enterovirus infections occur frequently in infancy and induce T-cell immunity. 41 Cellular immunity is suggested to be a more sensitive indicator of neonatal enterovirus infections than antibodies.…”