Transmissible lysis of bacillus pyocyaneus

Hadley, Philip B.

doi:10.1093/infdis/34.3.260

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Consistent with a delicate equilibrium (26) between this protective response and autolysis, each controlled by PQS levels, P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 cells forming colonies with visible lysis (74) were repeatedly recovered during chemostat growth with media that stimulated alginate production. Such an equi- VOL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Autolysis and Autoaggregation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Colony Morphology Mutants

et al. 2002

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Two distinctive colony morphologies were noted in a collection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa transposon insertion mutants. One set of mutants formed wrinkled colonies of autoaggregating cells. Suppressor analysis of a subset of these mutants showed that this was due to the action of the regulator WspR and linked this regulator (and the chemosensory pathway to which it belongs) to genes that encode a putative fimbrial adhesin required for biofilm formation. WspR homologs, related in part by a shared GGDEF domain, regulate cell surface factors, including aggregative fimbriae and exopolysaccharides, in diverse bacteria. The second set of distinctive insertion mutants formed colonies that lysed at their center. Strains with the most pronounced lysis overproduced the Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS), an extracellular signal that interacts with quorum sensing. Autolysis was suppressed by mutation of genes required for PQS biosynthesis, and in one suppressed mutant, autolysis was restored by addition of synthetic PQS. The mechanism of autolysis may involve activation of the endogenous prophage and phage-related pyocins in the genome of strain PAO1. The fact that PQS levels correlated with autolysis suggests a fine balance in natural populations of P. aeruginosa between survival of the many and persistence of the few.Pseudomonas aeruginosa, although readily defined taxonomically (69), shows no evidence of being constrained to a particular bacterial lifestyle (72). Indeed, this opportunistic pathogen proliferates within hosts as varied as plants, insects, nematodes, and mammals and interacts with amoebae and yeasts as well (13,16,31,44,58). The broad host range of P. aeruginosa can be used both to uncover the role of specific virulence factors and to characterize new regulatory systems controlling virulence (10,12,13,16,21,44,58). One study identified transposon insertion mutants of P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 that were less virulent in the fruit fly model host (16). Most such strains had an insertion in a chemotaxis-like regulatory locus (PA0408 to PA0417) required for surface spreading by twitching motility and controlling unknown factors required for efficient fly killing. Based only on their distinctive compact colony morphology, a large collection of these mutants was assembled for testing in the fly model.In this same study (16), two even more striking colony morphologies were noted, and strains of each type were saved. One set of mutants formed wrinkled colonies and had additional properties described for autoaggregating cells of Pseudomonas fluorescens (59,68) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (61,62,83). The second set of mutants formed colonies with visible lysis, a characteristic noted in some of the earliest descriptions of P. aeruginosa isolates (5, 6, 26, 32), but for which the molecular basis has been elusive. Since autoaggregation and autolysis are likely to reflect fundamental aspects of the biology of P. aeruginosa, the genetic basis of the two mutant colony morphologies was explored. Autoaggregat...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Autolysis and Autoaggregation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Colony Morphology Mutants

et al. 2002

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“…One of the common cultural characteristics associated with many strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the spontaneous production of turbid plaque-like erosions on themselves when cultivated on tryptone agar media (7,17). As an expression of this self-lysis the term autoplaque (AP+) has been adopted t o differentiate this lytic phenomenon from the plaques noted when phage is plated on a sensitive indicator strain.…”

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Effect of Antibacterial Agents on the Autoplaque Phenomenon of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Berk¹

1965

Can. J. Microbiol.

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A survey of 75 cultures of Psezrdomonas nerztgi~zosa containing only one discernible phenotype indicated that 68 routinely eshibited spontaneous lysis, resulting in the appearance of turbid erosions or autoplaques (AP+) when grown on a tryptone-glucose agar nlediun~. Single supplements of 11011-inhibitory levels of chloromycetin, aureomyclll, tetracycline, declomycin, and streptomycin increased the degree of lysis of AP+ strains, but were without effect on APstrams. Enhancement of lysis was also obtained with sulfadiazine, sulfathiazole, s u l f a~l~e t h o s )~p y r i d a z i~~e , elkosin, gantrisin, and triple sulfa, while little or no effect was observed with sulfamerizine and thiosulfil. On the other hand, low conce~ltrations of either acriflavine or proflavine retarded the rate and degree of lysis, while single supplenlents of the active antibiotics overcame the suppressive effects of the dyes.One of the common cultural characteristics associated with many strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the spontaneous production of turbid plaque-like erosions on themselves when cultivated on tryptone agar media (7, 17). As an expression of this self-lysis the term autoplaque (AP+) has been adopted t o differentiate this lytic phenomenon from the plaques noted when phage is plated on a sensitive indicator strain. Some of the unusual properties of the lytic systelu are manifested in the following way: size and numbers of autoplaques increase with time; lysis in many strains is accompanied by a metallic iridescence; AP+ strains remain permanently autolytic although they are never completely destroyed; and the system is highly variable in appearance from culture t o culture, as well a s within a given culture from day t o day. The mechanism by which lysis occurs is a t present unknown, although phage, bacteriocines, and enzymes have been previously investigated (2) ; however, no one has been able t o duplicate the phenomenon with any of the above preparations. Consequently, a nutritional approach t o the study is presently underway in a n effort t o clarify and better characterize the lytic phenomenon. Previous studies by Berk (1) attempted t o discern the nutritional requirements necessary for support of growth in the presence and absence of self-lysis. Growth in a minimal tryptone medium could be obtained without lysis if the tryptone concentration was reduced t o 0.1 t o 0.5yo. Lytic activity was restored by single supplements of asparagine or arginine. The present paper deals with the stimulatory effect of certain antibiotics and sulfa drugs, and the suppressive effect of acridine dyes when supplemented t o AP+ cells cultivated on media nutritionally adequate for support of growth and lysis. Materials and MethodsOrganisms.-The cultures of P. aerzlginosa used in this study were obtained from various clinical sources and the departmental stock culture collection. Each culture was streaked for isolated colonies and a pure culture of each Canadian Journal of Microbiology. Volume 11 (1965) Can. J. Microbiol. Downloaded f...

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“…Two distinct observation methods were used, direct epi-illumination and transillumination, respectively, for P. aeruginosa and H. influenzae. The type of iridescence observed in certain strains of P. aeruginosa was described as a metallic iridescence and has been linked to cell lysis (16,28,80) and/or to the production of quinoline derivatives (9,10,77). A silvery appearance was also recently mentioned in Aneurinibacillus migulanus type III (2).…”

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“…Until now, the phenomenon has been observed only on colonies or concentrated cell suspensions (53,54,57), and detailed illustrations are limited. Various general terms such as "shine," "sheen," "glistening," "metallic effect," "bright colors," "luster," "glow," "glisten," or "rainbow-like" were employed to describe the visual effects observed (15,19,28). Confusion with fluorescence has also been made (8,13,29).…”

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Iridescence of a Marine Bacterium and Classification of Prokaryotic Structural Colors

Kientz

Vukusic

Luke

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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ABSTRACTIridescence is a property of structural color that is occasionally encountered in higher eukaryotes but that has been poorly documented in the prokaryotic kingdom. In the present work, we describe a marine bacterium, identified asCellulophaga lytica, isolated from the surface of an anemone, that exhibits bright green iridescent colonies under direct epi-illumination. This phenomenon has not previously been investigated in detail. In this study, color changes ofC. lyticacolonies were observed at various angles of direct illumination or observation. Its iridescent green appearance was dominant on various growth media. Red and violet colors were also discerned on colony edges. RemarkableC. lyticabacterial iridescence was revealed and characterized using high-resolution optical spectrometry. In addition to this, by culturing other bacterial strains to which various forms of faintly iridescent traits have previously been attributed, we identify four principal appearance characteristics of structural color in prokaryotes. A new general classification of bacterial iridescence is therefore proposed in this study. Furthermore, a specific separate class is described for iridescentC. lyticastrains because they exhibit what is so far a unique intense glitter-like iridescence in reflection.C. lyticais the first prokaryote discovered to produce the same sort of intense iridescence under direct illumination as that associated with higher eukaryotes, like some insects and birds. Due to the nature of bacterial biology, cultivation, and ubiquity, this discovery may be of significant interest for both ecological and nanoscience endeavors.

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Transmissible lysis of bacillus pyocyaneus

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Autolysis and Autoaggregation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Colony Morphology Mutants

Autolysis and Autoaggregation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Colony Morphology Mutants

Effect of Antibacterial Agents on the Autoplaque Phenomenon of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Iridescence of a Marine Bacterium and Classification of Prokaryotic Structural Colors

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