Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Induces Apoptosis in Swine Testicular Cell Lines but not in Intestinal Enterocytes

Kim, B.; Kim, O.; Tai, Joo Ho; Chae, C.

doi:10.1053/jcpa.2000.0386

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Different cells from a single host individual respond differently to a given viral infection (19,27,28,39,52). Equally, different virus strains may cause different cytopathic effects in a given cell type (31,49,62,64).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian Reoviruses Cause Apoptosis in Cultured Cells: Viral Uncoating, but Not Viral Gene Expression, Is Required for Apoptosis Induction

Labrada

Bodelón

Viñuela

et al. 2002

J Virol

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The cytopathic effect evidenced by cells infected with avian reovirus S1133 suggests that this virus may induce apoptosis in primary cultures of chicken embryo fibroblasts. In this report we present evidence that avian reovirus infection of cultured cells causes activation of the intracellular apoptotic program and that this activation takes place during an early stage of the viral life cycle. The ability of avian reoviruses to induce apoptosis is not restricted to a particular virus strain or to a specific cell type, since different avian reovirus isolates were able to induce apoptosis in several avian and mammalian cell lines. Apoptosis was also provoked in ribavirin-treated avian reovirus-infected cells and in cells infected with UV-irradiated reovirions, indicating that viral mRNA synthesis and subsequent steps in viral replication are not needed for apoptosis induction in avian reovirus-infected cells and that the number of inoculated virus particles, not their infectivity, is the critical factor for apoptosis induction by avian reovirus. Our finding that apoptosis is no longer induced when intracellular viral uncoating is blocked indicates that intraendosomal virion disassembly is required for apoptosis induction and that attachment and uptake of parental reovirions are not sufficient to cause apoptosis. Taken together, our results suggest that apoptosis is triggered from within the infected cell by viral products generated after intraendosomal uncoating of parental reovirions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian Reoviruses Cause Apoptosis in Cultured Cells: Viral Uncoating, but Not Viral Gene Expression, Is Required for Apoptosis Induction

Labrada

Bodelón

Viñuela

et al. 2002

J Virol

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“…Similar to PDCoV, the other 2 swine enteric coronaviruses, PEDV and TGEV, are cytolytic in infected enterocytes in vivo Kim et al, 2000) and in PEDV-infected Vero (African green monkey kidney) cell lines (Kim and Lee, 2014) and TGEVinfected ST cell lines (Eleouet et al, 1998) in vitro. For efficient replication and survival in each environment, PEDV and TGEV likely induce vacuolar degeneration or necrosis of infected enterocytes in vivo Kim et al, 2000), whereas they also cause apoptotic cell death of infected Vero (Kim and Lee, 2014) or ST cells (Eleouet et al, 1998) in vitro. Based on these observations, a study of the mechanisms related to cell death caused by PEDV, TGEV, or PDCoV in in vitro conditions may not be applicable for the comprehensive understanding of cell death of infected enterocytes that occurs in vivo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine deltacoronavirus induces apoptosis in swine testicular and LLC porcine kidney cell lines in vitro but not in infected intestinal enterocytes in vivo

Jung

Saif

2016

Veterinary Microbiology

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We compared the mechanisms of porcine delatacoronavirus (PDCoV) induced death of infected enterocytes in vivo and infected LLC porcine kidney (LLC-PK) and swine testicular (ST) cells in vitro. We conducted histologic analysis and immunofluorescence (IF) staining for the detection of PDCoV antigens, and TUNEL assay in singly or serially cut tissue sections from the small and large intestines of four, 11- to 14-day-old gnotobiotic pigs, inoculated orally with 8.8-11.0log10 genomic equivalents (GE) of US PDCoV strains OH-FD22 or OH-FD100 (n=3), or mock (n=1). Similar comparative assays were done on LLC-PK and ST cells inoculated with the cell-adapted PDCoV strain OH-FD22-P44 (passage 44) in cell culture medium with 2.5-10 μg/ml of trypsin and 1% pancreatin, respectively. At post-inoculation days 3-4, infected pigs showed severe watery diarrhea and/or vomiting and mainly, diffuse, severe atrophic enteritis, with mild to moderate cytoplasmic vacuolation of the enterocytes lining the atrophied villous epithelium. By IF, PDCoV antigens were evident in villous or crypt epithelial cells. No PDCoV antigen-positive, small and large intestinal villous or crypt epithelial cells, of which cytoplasm was also either vacuolated or morphologically normal, showed positive TUNEL staining. In contrast, by double IF and TUNEL staining, most of the TUNEL-positive signals (apoptotic nuclear fragmentation) were found in PDCoV antigen-positive LLC-PK and ST cells that also showed cytopathic effects, such as cell rounding, detachment and clumping in clusters. Secondary annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining revealed increased numbers of annexin V- or PI-positive LLC-PK and ST cells at 21h after inoculation, compared to the negative controls. Thus, PDCoV does not induce apoptosis in the infected intestinal enterocytes in vivo, but in two infected cell lines of swine origin, LLC-PK and ST cells.

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“…Apoptosis is a predominant component for contributing to the pathogenesis process of animal virus infectious diseases (Chen et al, 2008;Everett and McFadden, 1999;Shih et al, 2004). Previous studies have reported that apoptosis occurs in response to TGEV infection in ST cells and human rectal tumor adenocarcinoma cell line HRT18 modified to express the porcine aminopeptidase N (pAPN, a cellular receptor for porcine coronaviruses) in vitro (Eleouet et al, 1998(Eleouet et al, , 2000Kim et al, 2000;Sirinarumitr et al, 1998). In the present study, we detected the effects of TGEV infection in PK-15 cells and analyzed possible mechanisms involved in apoptosis of TGEV-infected cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In consistent with in vivo pathologic changes, TGEV also induces cytopathic effects (CPE) when propagated in vitro cultured cells (Eleouet et al, 1998;Solorzano et al, 1978). Further studies have demonstrated that TGEV infection caused CPE in swine testis (ST) cells by induction of apoptosis (Eleouet et al, 1998;Kim et al, 2000;Sirinarumitr et al, 1998). However, the exact molecular pathways of TGEV-induced apoptosis are not clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection induces apoptosis through FasL- and mitochondria-mediated pathways

Ding

Huang

et al. 2012

Veterinary Microbiology

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Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) has been reported to induce apoptosis in swine testis (ST) cells. However, the mechanisms underlying TGEV-induced apoptosis are still unclear. In this study we observed that TGEV infection induced apoptosis in porcine kidney (PK-15) cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. TGEV infection up-regulated FasL, activated FasL-mediated apoptotic pathway, leading to activation of caspase-8 and cleavage of Bid. In addition, TGEV infection down-regulated Bcl-2, up-regulated Bax expression, promoted translocation of Bax to mitochondria, activated mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway, which in turn caused the release of cytochrome c and the activation of caspase-9. Both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways activated downstream effector caspase-3, followed by the cleavage of PARP, resulting in cell apoptosis. Moreover, TGEV infection did not induce significant DNA fragmentation in ammonium chloride (NH(4)Cl) pretreated PK-15 cells or cells infected with UV-inactivated TGEV. In turn, block of caspases activation also did not affect TGEV replication. Taken together, this study demonstrates that TGEV-induced apoptosis is dependent on viral replication in PK-15 cells and occurs through activation of FasL- and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathways.

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Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Induces Apoptosis in Swine Testicular Cell Lines but not in Intestinal Enterocytes

Cited by 21 publications

References 7 publications

Avian Reoviruses Cause Apoptosis in Cultured Cells: Viral Uncoating, but Not Viral Gene Expression, Is Required for Apoptosis Induction

Avian Reoviruses Cause Apoptosis in Cultured Cells: Viral Uncoating, but Not Viral Gene Expression, Is Required for Apoptosis Induction

Porcine deltacoronavirus induces apoptosis in swine testicular and LLC porcine kidney cell lines in vitro but not in infected intestinal enterocytes in vivo

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection induces apoptosis through FasL- and mitochondria-mediated pathways

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