Transmembrane Ca2+Fluxes Associated with Zoospore Encystment and Cyst Germination by the PhytopathogenPhytophthora parasitica

Warburton, Adrian J.; Deacon, J.W.

doi:10.1006/fgbi.1998.1086

Cited by 51 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…No relationship found between degree of root encystment and pathogenicity (Walker & Van West, 2007) 20 mM Ca 2+ affected zoospore encystment. (Broembsen and Deacon, 1997) External Ca 2+ (3 mM) promoted P.cinnamomi zoospore encystment (Gubler et al, 1989) P. parastica zoospore encystment inhibited by La 3+ which prevented the encystmentassociated Ca 2+ influx (Warburton and Deacon, 1998) EGTA (0.1 mM) inhibited P.cinnamomi zoospore encystment (Gubler et al, 1989) …”

Section: Disruption Of Zoospore Attachment and Encystmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ca 2+ 10 -30 mM stimulated zoospores to germinate in the absence of an organic nutrient trigger (von Broembsen and Deacon, 1997) Size of internal Ca stores was a determining factor affecting the developmental fate of P. sojae cysts Germination of P. parasitica cysts was prevented by TMB-8, which inhibits the release of Ca 2+ from intracellular stores (Warburton and Deacon, 1998) …”

Section: Disruption Of Zoospore Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Decrease PPiase activity in N. benthamiana caused decreased starch content (George et al, 2010) Extent of disease reduction in soybean related to increased uptake of Ca 2+ by plants Abbreviations: La 3+ = Lanthanum ions; RR = ruthenium red; A23187 = Ca 2+ channel ionophore; PA = phytoalexin; TMB-8 = suppresses release of Ca 2+ from internal stores (Warburton and Deacon, 1998); PAL = phenylalanine oxidase; ROS = reactive oxygen species: 2-APB = IP3 -receptor-gated Ca channel antagonist: MAPK= mitogen activated protein kinase; AOA= : PPiase = pyrophosphatase; Phi = phosphite…”

Section: Metabolic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Calcium sulphate soil treatments augment the survival of phosphite-sprayed Banksia leptophylla infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi

Stasikowski

McComb

Scott

et al. 2014

Australasian Plant Pathol.

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Section: Disruption Of Zoospore Attachment and Encystmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Disruption Of Zoospore Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metabolic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calcium sulphate soil treatments augment the survival of phosphite-sprayed Banksia leptophylla infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi

Stasikowski

McComb

Scott

et al. 2014

Australasian Plant Pathol.

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“…capsici infects plant roots, particularly at the zone of cell elongation located behind the root apical meristem, as motile zoospores that are chemotactic toward exudates from susceptible root tissues (11,12). Once adjacent to the root surface, zoospores encyst and produce germ tubes that are also chemotactic in their growth toward a root surface (13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Combinatorially selected defense peptides protect plant roots from pathogen infection

Fang

Laskey²,

Huang³

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Agricultural productivity and sustainability are continually challenged by emerging and indigenous pathogens. Currently, many pathogens can be combated only with biocides or environmentally dangerous fumigants. Here, we report a rapid and pathogenspecific strategy to reduce infection by organisms that target plant roots. Combinatorially selected defense peptides, previously shown to effect premature encystment of Phytophthora capsici zoospores, were fused to maize cytokinin oxidase͞dehydrogenase as a display scaffold. When expressed in tomato roots, the peptidescaffold constructs were secreted and accumulated to sufficient concentrations in the rhizosphere to induce zoospore encystment and thereby deter taxis to the root surface. Pathogen infection was significantly inhibited in roots expressing bioactive peptides fused to the maize cytokinin oxidase͞dehydrogenase scaffold. This peptide-delivery technology is broadly applicable for rapid development of plant defense attributes against plant pathogens.disease resistance ͉ Phytophthora

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“…Changes in cytoskeletal organization and vesicle distribution are documented, as are movements of ions such as calcium (9,13,17,21,25,38). In contrast, little is known of the molecular biology of zoospore development or how its stages are regulated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Protein Kinase Induced during Sporangial Cleavage in the Oomycete Phytophthora infestans

Judelson

Roberts

2002

Eukaryot Cell

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A study of the effect of inhibitors on zoospore development in Phytophthora infestans demonstrated the involvement of protein kinases and calcium and led to the discovery of a gene induced during zoosporogenesis that encoded a protein resembling Ca ؉2 -and calmodulin-regulated serine/threonine protein kinases. The calcium channel blocker verapamil and the calmodulin antagonist trifluoroperazine inhibited zoosporogenesis and encystment. The protein kinase inhibitors K-252a and KN-93 inhibited zoospore release, encystment, and cyst germination, and K-252a reduced zoospore viability. In contrast, the inhibitors had minor or no effects on sporangia directly germinating in media. Spurred by these findings, a survey of putative protein kinase genes was performed to identify any that were up-regulated during zoosporogenesis. A kinase-encoding gene was identified for which mRNA accumulation was first detected soon after chilling sporangia in water, conditions that induce sporangial cytoplasm to cleave and release zoospores. The transcript persisted in motile zoospores and in germinated cysts but was not detected in other tissues, including hyphae, hyphae placed in water, or directly germinating sporangia. The structure of the predicted protein was novel, as its C-terminal region, which binds calmodulin in related proteins, was unusually short. Concentrations of actinomycin D previously used in experiments that suggested that de novo transcription was not needed for zoosporogenesis or encystment only partially inhibited transcription of the kinase gene, probably due to poor uptake into sporangia.Dispersal by means of spores is a common feature of the life cycle of many lower eukaryotes. This includes the oomycetes, which encompass many important plant pathogens, including Phytophthora, Pythium, and the downy mildews. Oomycetes lack taxonomic affinity with the so-called true fungi (i.e., ascomycetes and basidiomycetes), instead being related to diatoms and brown algae (2, 15). The asexual sporangia of oomycetes either germinate directly through a germ tube or indirectly by releasing biflagellate zoospores. Many species germinate through either pathway, while others produce only zoospores and some germinate only directly (12,22,26). For species displaying both modes of germination, zoospores are considered most important for dispersal and host infection.One species exhibiting this duality in germination behavior is Phytophthora infestans, which causes late blight of potato and tomato. Sporangia form on sporangiophores that emerge from infected plant tissue or from hyphae on artificial media. As with other oomycetes, the sporangia of P. infestans are multinucleate, nondesiccated, and metabolically active. Germination becomes possible once sporangia detached from sporangiophores encounter liquid. Indirect germination predominates in the absence of nutrients and at cool temperatures, typically below 12°C (30). In contrast, direct germination is favored by higher temperatures and nutrients. Indirect germination takes about 1 h...

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Transmembrane Ca2+Fluxes Associated with Zoospore Encystment and Cyst Germination by the PhytopathogenPhytophthora parasitica

Cited by 51 publications

References 40 publications

Calcium sulphate soil treatments augment the survival of phosphite-sprayed Banksia leptophylla infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi

Calcium sulphate soil treatments augment the survival of phosphite-sprayed Banksia leptophylla infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi

Combinatorially selected defense peptides protect plant roots from pathogen infection

Novel Protein Kinase Induced during Sporangial Cleavage in the Oomycete Phytophthora infestans

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