Transmasculine Voice Modification: A Case Study

Buckley, Daniel P.; Dahl, Kimberly L.; Cler, Gabriel J.; Stepp, Cara E.

doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.05.003

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Previous studies on transmen’s speech changes have shown that most changes have occurred prior to 9 months of continuous T therapy 32 – 35 , 49 ; however, these studies did not examine changes in estimated VTL. This study is the first, to our knowledge, to demonstrate statistical differences in VTL between samples of transmen and cisgender speakers [see Cler et al 43 for a single, detailed case study and Papp 44 for an unpublished dissertation].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Despite research indicating that both f o and VTL contribute to gendered voice perception [13][14][15][16] , only one other published study on transmen's voice changes has examined VTL or formants 43 . This motivates development of additional treatments, such as behavioral therapy, to increase objective speech masculinity by increasing vocal tract length 48 . Previous studies on transmen's speech changes have shown that most changes have occurred prior to 9 months of continuous T therapy [32][33][34][35]49 ; however, these studies did not examine changes in estimated VTL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23% of our participants’ VTL fell outside the range of our cismen sample, suggesting that T therapy alone does not fully masculinize larynx position. Despite research indicating that both f o and VTL contribute to gendered voice perception 13 – 16 , only one other published study on transmen’s voice changes has examined VTL or formants 43 . This motivates development of additional treatments, such as behavioral therapy, to increase objective speech masculinity by increasing vocal tract length 48 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, speech features other than f o may impact the externally perceived gender identity of individuals undergoing the female-to-male transition, and these additional features, such as formant frequencies or the related measure of VTL, can potentially be used as outcome measures to assess efficacy of transition strategies and increase patient satisfaction. Yet, aside from one case study 43 and an unpublished dissertation 44 , no studies on transgender men have investigated changes in formant measures with T therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Testosterone therapy masculinizes speech and gender presentation in transgender men

Hodges‐Simeon

Grail

Albert

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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Voice is one of the most noticeably dimorphic traits in humans and plays a central role in gender presentation. Transgender males seeking to align internal identity and external gender expression frequently undergo testosterone (T) therapy to masculinize their voices and other traits. We aimed to determine the importance of changes in vocal masculinity for transgender men and to determine the effectiveness of T therapy at masculinizing three speech parameters: fundamental frequency (i.e., pitch) mean and variation (fo and fo-SD) and estimated vocal tract length (VTL) derived from formant frequencies. Thirty transgender men aged 20 to 40 rated their satisfaction with traits prior to and after T therapy and contributed speech samples and salivary T. Similar-aged cisgender men and women contributed speech samples for comparison. We show that transmen viewed voice change as critical to transition success compared to other masculine traits. However, T therapy may not be sufficient to fully masculinize speech: while fo and fo-SD were largely indistinguishable from cismen, VTL was intermediate between cismen and ciswomen. fo was correlated with salivary T, and VTL associated with T therapy duration. This argues for additional approaches, such as behavior therapy and/or longer duration of hormone therapy, to improve speech transition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Testosterone therapy masculinizes speech and gender presentation in transgender men

Hodges‐Simeon

Grail

Albert

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…In fact, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with androgens (testosterone) induces hypertrophy of the thyroarytenoid muscles, thus increasing the mass of the vocal folds and lowering the fundamental frequency (F0) towards the male range [9][10][11]. Therefore, transgender men may reach the desired low-pitched voice with HRT alone, with little or no need for further improvements through voice therapy [12]. On the other hand, transgender women usually struggle to achieve a gender-congruent voice, as HRT with antiandrogens (estrogens) feminizes the body but has no effects on their voices [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Preliminary Validation of the Transsexual Voice Questionnaire for Male-to-Female Transsexuals (I-TVQMtF) Into Italian

et al. 2022

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Objective. To perform a cross-cultural adaptation into Italian and to analyse reliability and validity of the Transsexual Voice Questionnaire for male-to-female transsexuals (I-TVQ MtF). Study Design. Cross-sectional non-randomized survey study. Methods. For item-generation, a cross-cultural adaptation and translation process was performed following standard guidelines. Transgender women were consecutively recruited and asked to fill out the I-TVQ MtF and a form on social, demographic and transition-related variables. Firstly, data collected from participants were used to perform confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and to evaluate internal consistency and test-retest reliability Subsequently, convergent validity was evaluated comparing I-TVQ MtF total scores with the two extra items addressing self-perception (SPVF) and aspiration (AVF) of voice femininity. To further evaluate convergent validity, scores of the Italian version of the Voice Handicap Index (I-VHI) were considered for comparisons. A correlation analysis was performed to verify potential association between I-TVQ MtF scores and social, demographic and transition-related variables. Results. CFA demonstrated that a two-factor model fits data better than the unidimensional one. Both internal consistency and test retest reliability of the I-TVQ MtF were satisfactory. Negative correlations were highlighted between I-TVQ MtF scores on one side and SPVF and AVF on the other. Positive correlations between I-TVQ MtF and I-VHI scores were also found. Finally, negative correlations were demonstrated between I-TVQ MtF scores and time spent living in the female role. Conclusion. The I-TVQ MtF appears to be a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of voice-related quality of life in transgender women.

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Voice Pitch Shaping and Genderization: New Needs of Cosmetic Phonoplastic Surgery

Li,

Zhang,

Chen

et al. 2024

Aesth Plast Surg

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Transmasculine Voice Modification: A Case Study

Cited by 15 publications

References 40 publications

Testosterone therapy masculinizes speech and gender presentation in transgender men

Testosterone therapy masculinizes speech and gender presentation in transgender men

Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Preliminary Validation of the Transsexual Voice Questionnaire for Male-to-Female Transsexuals (I-TVQMtF) Into Italian

Voice Pitch Shaping and Genderization: New Needs of Cosmetic Phonoplastic Surgery

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