TRANSLOCATION OF CACODYLIC ACID IN DUTCH ELM-DISEASED AMERICAN ELMS AND ITS EFFECT ON SCOLYTUS MULTISTRIATUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

Abstract

Can. Ent. 108: 893-896 (1976) Cacodylic acid was injected into hatchet-made frill girdles 60 cm above the ground on Dutch elm-diseased American elms (Ulmus americana L.) at the rate of 0.8 ml/cm circumference measured 1.3 m above the ground. Cacodylic acid was translocated up the trees into the phloem. Arsenic residue analyses at several different heights in each tree indicated an inverse relationship between height and amount of cacodylic acid residue in the phloem. Largest amounts were translocated in trees with 75% wilted crowns.Cacodylic acid injection into elms had no significant inhibitory effect on Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham) brood development. Cacodylic acid residues as high as 1700 ppm caused little or no beetle mortality. Highest numbers of beetles/dm2 bark surface area emerged from acid-treated elms with 75% crown wilt and from untreated elms with 100% crown wilt.'A silvicide consisting of 50% cacodylic acid and 50% inert ingredients; manufactured by The Ansul Company, Marinette, Wisc.

Taxonomic Revision of Nearctic, Mexican, and West Indian Oodini (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

“…However, arsenic levels in foliage from MSMA-treated lodgepole pine trees, Pinus contorta var. Hostetler and Brewer (1976) determined that arsenic levels in the phloem of untreated diseased elms in Colorado ranged from 1 to 14 ppm and in cacodylic acid-treated diseased elms from 13 to 506 ppm, with arsenic levels decreasing sharply with height. In addition, arsenic was relatively tightly bound in foliage and did not move rapidly from the forest litter to the underlying soil (Norris et al 1983).…”

“…Our study was conducted on healthy, non-diseased elms; however, herbicide treatments can be applied to elms with varying degrees of Dutch elm disease (Himelick and Neely 1961;Lanier 1982;Hostetler and Brewer 1976;Rexrode 1974). Herbicide application on elms with advanced symptoms showed the greatest variability in efficacy, because the fungus plugs the phloem vessels, inhibiting herbicide penetration (Himelick and Neely 1961).…”

EVALUATION OF MONOSODIUM METHANE ARSENATE FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF NATIVE ELM BARK BEETLES, HYLURGOPINUS RUFIPES (EICHHOFF) (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

“…In addition, arsenic was relatively tightly bound in foliage and did not move rapidly from the forest litter to the underlying soil (Norris et al 1983). Hostetler and Brewer (1976) determined that arsenic levels in the phloem of untreated diseased elms in Colorado ranged from 1 to 14 ppm and in cacodylic acid-treated diseased elms from 13 to 506 ppm, with arsenic levels decreasing sharply with height.…”

Trap Trees for Control of Dutch Elm Disease

“…Following the discovery of failed broods in conifers killed in thinning operations, several studies showed that cacodylic acid and MSMA could be useful for control of bark beetles (5,2,7,6). Rexrode (22) reported 100% mortality of elm bark beetle broods in small elms pressure-injected with cacodylic acid, but Hostleter and Brewer (10) found no significant mortality of European elm bark beetles in diseased trees topically treated with cacodylic acid in Colorado. (The timing of the treatment (August) and examination for emergence (December) indicates that the infestation was already established when trees were treated.)…”