Translocating Single-Stranded DNA through Crystalline Graphene Nanopores

Abstract

Teflon AF is a family of amorphous copolymers containing fluoroethylene and dioxole groups. Its splendid properties such as low surface energy, high optical transmission, chemical resistance and low autofluorescence, have made it a desirable surface for the fast generation of molecular phospholipid films, which are being evaluated for biosensing and single molecule spectroscopy. The possibility of confinement of chemical species to a surface-adhered 2-dimesional film, while keeping them mobile within the structure, circumvents many problems of volume-based flow systems (Czolkos et al. 2011). Patterning the Teflon AF by common photolithography is limited to a few specialized processes with micrometer resolution, and it is still difficult to get nano-structured Teflon AF surfaces. It has been shown that a thin film of Teflon AF can be directly patterned by electron beam lithography without the need of further chemical development (Karre et al., 2009), where degradation of the fluorinated dioxole