Translations in gerontology: From lab to life: Utilizing information.

Schonfield, David

doi:10.1037/h0037435

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Similar sentiments were echoed more recently by Schaie (1974) andSchonfield (1974). It is impor tant to assess the validity of this belief since age-related differences in cautious ness have been invoked as a post hoc explanation for observed differences in performance between younger and older subjects on a wide range of tasks in cluding perceptual tasks (Basowitz and Korchin, 1957), verbal tasks (Eisdorfer, 1965;Riegel and Birren, 1966) and memory tasks (Eysenck, 1975).…”

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confidence: 84%

Adult Age and Cautiousness in Decision

Okun¹

1976

Human Development

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After a brief description of the hypotheses proposed to account for adult-age differences in cautiousness, this article reviews findings from eight cross-sectional investigations. Adult-age differences were observed on the choice dilemmas instrument (the predominant methodology) only in the case when adults were permitted to refrain from responding to the life situations depicted in the items. In recent research, using behavioral measures of risk-taking, adult-age differences have been found. Need for achievement was posited to be an important intervening variable in understanding the context in which adult age differences in cautiousness emerge. Several areas of pertinent research were identified.

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confidence: 84%

Adult Age and Cautiousness in Decision

Okun¹

1976

Human Development

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“…Since operant methods involve repeated observations of individual subjects[7], they are especially appropriate for study of older adults. Information is obtained about the response capabilities of subjects who have had extensive practice with the laboratory procedures, and the emphasis on individual data is important becaw group averages may obscure the increasing variability that sometimes exists among the performances of older adults[8].Operant methods also can be used to analyze the reinforcing value of tasks, through procedures which chain together two response requirements [2; 31. Under such chained schedules, the opportunity to respond in the terminal link of the schedule is made contingent on raponding in the initial link, that is, the terminal link task is the event which reinforces initial link responding.…”

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confidence: 99%

Age-related preferences for paced and unpaced tasks in chained schedules of reinforcement

Perone

Baron

1983

Experimental Aging Research

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Younger and older men were studied on chained operant schedules. A response in the initial link produced a terminal link where a sequence of 10 key presses was reinforced with money. In different conditions, the time available for each key press was varied from .5 sec to an unlimited amount, and the speed with which the men produced the terminal links containing the paced and unpaced sequences was taken as an index of preference for the terminal link conditions. When the men had difficulty adjusting to pacing, initial link speed was directly related to reinforcement rate in the terminal link: the greater the reinforcement, the faster the speed. This effect was stronger among the older men, who had more difficulty adjusting to pacing. With continued exposure to pacing, however, men of both ages adjusted more readily and the speed-reinforcement relationship decreased. These results suggest that the role of monetary reinforcement in determining task preferences is moderated by other factors such as task difficulty.

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“…A second possible explanation concerns level of activity in creative endeavor. Re search on aging suggests that when skills are well established and continually exercised, they tend to show relatively minor declines with age [Schonfield, 1974], None of the cre ative women in this study considered them selves 'retired' from artistic activity. The old est artist, 79 years old, was preparing a retro spective show in New York at the time of the survey.…”

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confidence: 98%

Age and Preference for Complexity among Manifestly Creative Women

Crosson¹,

Robertson‐Tchabo²

1983

Human Development

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The relationship between age and creativity among a sample of 271 manifestly creative women aged 23–87 years was studied. Creativity, as measured by scores on the Barron-Welsh Art Scales, showed no significant negative correlation with age. However, among a control sample of 76 women with an age range of 26–74 years, not selected for creativity, the negative correlation between age and creativity scores was statistically significant (r = -0.34, p < 0.05). The importance of selecting a homogenous sample is stressed, and questions concerning the value of creative attributes for successful aging were raised.

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Translations in gerontology: From lab to life: Utilizing information.

Cited by 36 publications

References 10 publications

Adult Age and Cautiousness in Decision

Adult Age and Cautiousness in Decision

Age-related preferences for paced and unpaced tasks in chained schedules of reinforcement

Age and Preference for Complexity among Manifestly Creative Women

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