Translation of the Risk Avoidance Partnership (RAP) for Implementation in Outpatient Drug Treatment Clinics

Abstract

Background Scientific literature increasingly calls for studies to translate evidence-based interventions into real-world contexts balancing fidelity to the original design and fit to the new setting. The Risk Avoidance Partnership (RAP) is a health promotion intervention originally designed to train active drug users to become Peer Health Advocates. Objectives A theoretically driven approach was used to adapt RAP to fit implementation in outpatient methadone treatment clinics and pilot it with clinic patients. Methods Ethnographic observations and process tracking documented the RAP translation and pilot experience, and clinic and community characteristics relevant to program implementation. Clinic administrators, staff, and patients were interviewed on their values, capacities, interest in RAP, perceived challenges of implementing RAP in drug treatment clinics, and experiences during the pilot. Results Findings indicated that RAP core components can be met when implemented in these settings and RAP can fit with the goals, interests, and other programs of the clinic. Conclusions Balancing fidelity and fit requires recognition of the mutual impacts RAP and the clinic have on each other, which generate new interactions among staff and require ongoing specification of RAP to keep abreast of clinic and community changes. Collaboration of multiple stakeholders significantly benefited translation and pilot processes.

Implementation of an Evidenced‐based Parenting Program in a Community Mental Health Setting

“…The CFIR was developed through the synthesis of common constructs from published implementation theories, models, and frameworks to provide a systematic approach to assess potential barriers and facilitators in implementing evidence-based programs into a community-based setting. The CFIR framework has been helpful in capturing the complexities of implementation across diverse settings (Ilott, Gerrish, Booth, & Field, 2013), including community mental health centers (Weeks et al, 2015). The CFIR consists of 39 constructs divided into five domains: (a) intervention characteristics (e.g., characteristics of MIO that will influence implementation), (b) outer setting (e.g., patient needs and resources), (c) inner setting (compatibility of MIO with therapists’ background, leadership engagement), (d) characteristics of individuals (e.g., knowledge and attitudes), and (e) process (e.g., quality and extent of planning and engagement with stakeholders and clinic clients) (Damschroder et al, 2009).…”