Translation of the Chinese Version of the Nomophobia Questionnaire and Its Validation Among College Students: Factor Analysis

Abstract

Background Nomophobia or phobia of no mobile phone is the fear of being without a mobile phone or being unable to contact others via a mobile phone. It is a newly emerging psychiatric disorder among mobile phone users. Objective There are no psychometric scales available in China for examining nomophobia, although China has become the largest mobile phone handset consumer market in the world. Therefore, this study aimed to translate the original English version of a psychometric scale into Chinese and further examine its reliability and validity among Chinese college students. Methods The original version of the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) was first translated into Chinese using the backward and forward translation procedure. An exploratory factor analysis (a principal component analysis plus varimax rotation) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to examine the underlying factor structure of the translated questionnaire. The internal consistency reliability of the scale was determined by computing the Cronbach alpha coefficient, the test-retest reliability, and the corrected item-total correlation. A multivariate regression analysis was used for examining associations between nomophobia and independent variables among the college students. Results A total of 2000 participants were included in the study. Their ages ranged from 16 to 25 years, with 51.95% (1039/2000) being male participants. The Chinese version of NMP-Q retained 18 items. The eigenvalues, total variance explained, and scree plot jointly support a 4-factor structure of the translated questionnaire. The CFA reached the adaptive standard, and the discriminant validity of the scale was good. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of this scale was .925, and the Cronbach alpha coefficients of the subscales were .882, .843, .895, and .818. The test-retest reliability was 0.947. Corrected item-total correlation ranged from 0.539 to 0.663. The significant predictors for each of the dimensions of nomophobia and total score of the questionnaire were the average number of hours spent on a mobile phone daily and gender. Conclusions The Chinese version of the NMP-Q exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties.

Nomophobia in Lebanon: Scale validation and association with psychological aspects

“…As clearly stated by plenty of studies, the only instrument that assesses nomophobia with robust psychometric testing is the 20-item Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) [19]. It has been validated in different languages such as in the Italian after translation from English version [20], Chinese [21] and Portuguese [22]. Notably, the Arabic version of NMP-Q demonstrated satisfactory validity, as proven in a study realized in Kuwait [23] and Morocco [24], but there is no validation among Lebanese population.…”

Nomofobia: uma análise bibliométrica

“…A técnica prevalente nesse tipo de estudo é a obtenção de declaração, sobretudo por meio de questionário (THOMAS; NELSON; SILVERMAN, 2012). Percebeu-se que o trabalho de Yildirim e Correia (2015) o qual produziu e validou um questionário voltado a avaliação e dimensão da nomofobia foi utilizado como base em 14 estudos descritivos (DASGUPTA et al, 2017;PRASAD et al, 2017;AGUILERA-MANRIQUE et al, 2018;TAMS;LEGOUX;LÉGER, 2018;ADAWI et al, 2019;AHMED et al, 2019;RE;ZERBETTO, 2019;DAEI;ASHRAFI-RIZI;SOLEYMANI, 2019;YAVUZ et al, 2019;LEE et al, 2018;GUTIÉREZ-PUERTAS et al, 2019;MORENO GUERRERO et al, 2020a ;MORENO GUERRERO et al, 2020b) e em seis estudos para validação de instrumento (GONZÁLEZ-CABRERA et al, 2017;ADAWI et al, 2018;ELYASI;HAKIMI;ISLAMI-PARKOOHI, 2018;LIN;GRIFFITHS;PAKPOUR, 2018;GAO et al, 2020).…”

Translation and validation of the Chinese version of medical maximizer-minimizer scale: a cross-sectional study

“…Skewness and kurtosis were computed for each item and the data were considered normally distributed when the values ranged from −2 to +2. 13 Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to investigate the underlying factor structure of the CN-MMS. The participants were randomly divided into two groups, half for EFA and the other half for CFA.…”