Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Malay Version of the System Usability Scale Questionnaire for the Assessment of Mobile Apps

Marzuki, Muhamad Fadhil Mohamad; Yaacob, Nor Azwany; Yaacob, Najib Majdi

doi:10.2196/10308

Cited by 67 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A questionnaire is one of the well-known methods for usability testing [ 27 ], but developing a new one might require concerted effort by the members of a research team, extra cost, and a lot of time [ 19 ]. Thus, adaptation of established, appropriate, and available questionnaires with documented validity in other languages is recommended [ 19 ]. Appropriate translation and adaptation of an instrument are essential for ensuring the equivalence between the original and translated versions translated according to the accepted standards and at the same time being culturally and conceptually appropriate [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the best of our knowledge, only 1 study has reported the usability of a Malay-translated mobile app [ 19 ]. However, the questionnaire used was the system usability scale questionnaire, which caters to general software systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Malay Version of the mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (M-MAUQ): Translation, Adaptation, and Validation Study

Mustafa¹,

Safii²,

Jaffar³

et al. 2021

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

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Background Mobile health (mHealth) apps play an important role in delivering education, providing advice on treatment, and monitoring patients’ health. Good usability of mHealth apps is essential to achieve the objectives of mHealth apps efficiently. To date, there are questionnaires available to assess the general system usability but not explicitly tailored to precisely assess the usability of mHealth apps. Hence, the mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ) was developed with 4 versions according to the type of app (interactive or standalone) and according to the target user (patient or provider). Standalone MAUQ for patients comprises 3 subscales, which are ease of use, interface and satisfaction, and usefulness. Objective This study aimed to translate and validate the English version of MAUQ (standalone for patients) into a Malay version of MAUQ (M-MAUQ) for mHealth app research and usage in future in Malaysia. Methods Forward and backward translation and harmonization of M-MAUQ were conducted by Malay native speakers who also spoke English as their second language. The process began with a forward translation by 2 independent translators followed by harmonization to produce an initial translated version of M-MAUQ. Next, the forward translation was continued by another 2 translators who had never seen the original MAUQ. Lastly, harmonization was conducted among the committee members to resolve any ambiguity and inconsistency in the words and sentences of the items derived with the prefinal adapted questionnaire. Subsequently, content and face validations were performed with 10 experts and 10 target users, respectively. Modified kappa statistic was used to determine the interrater agreement among the raters. The reliability of the M-MAUQ was assessed by 51 healthy young adult mobile phone users. Participants needed to install the MyFitnessPal app and use it for 2 days for familiarization before completing the designated task and answer the M-MAUQ. The MyFitnessPal app was selected because it is one among the most popular installed mHealth apps globally available for iPhone and Android users and represents a standalone mHealth app. Results The content validity index for the relevancy and clarity of M-MAUQ were determined to be 0.983 and 0.944, respectively, which indicated good relevancy and clarity. The face validity index for understandability was 0.961, which indicated that users understood the M-MAUQ. The kappa statistic for every item in M-MAUQ indicated excellent agreement between the raters (κ ranging from 0.76 to 1.09). The Cronbach α for 18 items was .946, which also indicated good reliability in assessing the usability of the mHealth app. Conclusions The M-MAUQ fulfilled the validation criteria as it revealed good reliability and validity similar to the original version. M-MAUQ can be used to assess the usability of mHealth apps in Malay in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Malay Version of the mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (M-MAUQ): Translation, Adaptation, and Validation Study

Mustafa¹,

Safii²,

Jaffar³

et al. 2021

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

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“…It is a 10-item questionnaire translated from the original English version, which is the system usability scale (SUS) questionnaire, into local Malay language. This Malay version had been validated to assess the usability of a mobile app [14]. The response score is calculated using the 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usable Mobile App for Community Education on Colorectal Cancer: Development Process and Usability Study

Marzuki¹,

Yaacob²,

Yaacob³

et al. 2019

JMIR Hum Factors

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Background Participation in colorectal cancer screening is still low among Malaysians despite the increasing trend of incidence, with more than half of the new cases being detected in the advanced stages. Knowledge improvement might increase screening participation and thus improve the chances of disease detection. With the advancement of communication technology, people nowadays prefer to read from their mobile phone using a Web browser or mobile apps compared with the traditional printed material. Therefore, health education and promotion should adapt this behavior change in educating the community. Objective This study aimed to document the process of designing and developing a mobile app for community education on colorectal cancer and assess the usability of the prototype. Methods The nominal group technique (NGT) was used for the content development of the mobile app. NGT involving community educationists and clinicians combined with community representatives as the target users identified relevant health information and communication strategies including features for a user-friendly mobile app. The prototype was developed using framework Ionic 1, based on the Apache Cordova and Angular JS (Google). It was published in the Google Play store. In total, 50 mobile phone users aged 50 years and above and who had never been diagnosed with any type of cancer were invited to download and use the app. They were asked to assess the usability of the app using the validated Malay version of System Usability Scale Questionnaire for the Assessment of Mobile Apps questionnaire. The One-sample t test was used to assess the usability score with a cut-off value of 68 for the usable mobile app. Results The Colorectal Cancer Awareness Application ( ColorApp ) was successfully developed in the local Malay language. The NGT discussion had suggested 6 main menus in the ColorApp prototype, which are Introduction, Sign and Symptoms, Risk Factors, Preventive Measures, Colorectal Cancer Screening Program, and immunochemical fecal occult blood test kit. A total of 2 additional artificial intelligence properties menus were added to allow user- ColorApp interaction: Analyze Your Status and ColorApp Calculator. The prototype has been published in the Google Play store. The mean usability score was 72 (SD 11.52), which indicates that ColorApp is a usable mobile app, and it can be used as a tool for community education on colorectal cancer. Conclusions ColorApp mobile app can be used as a user-friendly tool for community education on colorectal cancer.

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“…It has been implemented in several mHealth fields, including mental health (n=12), cancer (n=10), nutrition (n=10), pediatrics (n=9), diabetes (n=9), telemedicine (n=8), cardiovascular disease (n=6), HIV (n=4), sanitary information systems (n=4), and smoking (n=4) [ 2 ]. The SUS questionnaire has been translated into several languages, such as Portuguese [ 10 ], Indonesian [ 11 ], and more recently, Malay [ 12 ]. All translated versions have shown similar internal reliability compared with the original English version.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spanish Version of the System Usability Scale for the Assessment of Electronic Tools: Development and Validation

Sevilla-González¹,

Loaeza²,

Lazaro-Carrera³

et al. 2020

JMIR Hum Factors

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Background The System Usability Scale (SUS) is a common metric used to assess the usability of a system, and it was initially developed in English. The implementation of electronic systems for clinical counseling (eHealth and mobile health) is increasing worldwide. Therefore, tools are needed to evaluate these applications in the languages and regional contexts in which the electronic tools are developed. Objective This study aims to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the original English version of the SUS into a Spanish version. Methods The translation process included forward and backward translation. Forward translations were made by 2 native Spanish speakers who spoke English as their second language, and a backward translation was made by a native English speaker. The Spanish SUS questionnaire was validated by 10 experts in mobile app development. The face validity of the questionnaire was tested with 10 mobile phone users, and the reliability testing was conducted among 88 electronic application users. Results The content validity index of the new Spanish SUS was good, as indicated by a rating of 0.92 for the relevance of the items. The questionnaire was easy to understand, based on a face validity index of 0.94. The Cronbach α was .812 (95% CI 0.748-0.866; P<.001). Conclusions The new Spanish SUS questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool to assess the usability of electronic tools among Spanish-speaking users.

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Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Malay Version of the System Usability Scale Questionnaire for the Assessment of Mobile Apps

Cited by 67 publications

References 12 publications

Malay Version of the mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (M-MAUQ): Translation, Adaptation, and Validation Study

Malay Version of the mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (M-MAUQ): Translation, Adaptation, and Validation Study

Usable Mobile App for Community Education on Colorectal Cancer: Development Process and Usability Study

Spanish Version of the System Usability Scale for the Assessment of Electronic Tools: Development and Validation

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