Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the DiAbeTes Education Questionnaire (DATE-Q)

Feasibility of Remote Delivering an Exercise and Lifestyle Education Program for Individuals Living with Prediabetes and Diabetes in Brazil

“…Participants were recruited face-to-face from health services in the two centers and from phone calls addressing a list of participants from previous studies developed by the same research team [ 26 , 27 , 28 ], which did not involve exercise or educational interventions. In addition, social media advertisements and dissemination of study recruitment by face-to-face and email among local healthcare providers and employees of the UFJF and UFMG were done, respectively.…”

“…The following variables were measured in the face-to-face stage: (1) functional capacity measured by the incremental shuttle walking test (ISWT) [32]; (2) physical activity level measured from the average of steps/day and total steps/week collected by a pedometer worn during seven days [33]; (3) anthropometric assessment by body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference measurement; (4) glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level obtained from the routine tests dated no more than three months before each study assessment point; and (5) adherence to a Mediterranean food pattern measured by the Mediterranean Diet Scale (MDS) total score [28] (a 13-item instrument with a total score ranging from 0 to 13: higher scores indicate greater adherence to Mediterranean food patterns). The following variables were measured in the remote stage: (6) exercise self-efficacy measured by the self-administered Bandura's exercise self-efficacy scale (BESES) total score [27] (an 18-item instrument with a total score from 0 to 100: higher scores indicate greater confidence in maintaining an exercise routine); (7) diabetes knowledge measured by the self-administered DiAbeTes Education Questionnaire (DATE-Q) total score [26] (a 20-item questionnaire with a total score from 0 to 20: higher scores indicate greater disease-related knowledge); (8) healthy literacy measured by the Newest Vital Sign (NVS) [34] total score (a 6-item questionnaire with a total score from 0 to 6: higher scores indicate greater health literacy), administered by interview; (9) depression measured by Center for Epidemiological Scale Depression (CESD) [35] total score (a 20-item questionnaire with a total score from 0 to 60: higher scores indicate a higher level of depressive symptoms), administered by interview; and (10) quality of life (QofL) measured by the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey total scores of eight health domains: functional capacity, physical aspects, pain, general health status, vitality, social aspects, emotional aspects, and mental health [36] (each domain has a total score from 0 to 100: higher scores indicate better quality of life), administered by interview. In this stage, all the questionnaires were answered remotely under research team monitoring by phone or voice calls via WhatsApp.…”