TRANSLATION AND VALIDATION OF GENDER MINORITY STRESS & RESILIENCE SCALE

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to translate Gender Minority Stress & Resilience Scale (GMSR; Testa, 2014) into Urdu language for construct validity of the scale for gender nonconforming individuals living in Pakistani culture. This purpose was accomplished in two phases. In the first phase, the GMSR Scale was translated in to Urdu language by following the steps of back translation method suggested by Brislin (1972).To establish the construct validity of GMSR Scale, data was collected in two phases, first from transgender community to determine convergent validity of the scale, in second stage from gender nonconformist individuals living in general population, a total of 420 gender nonconformist individuals, males(n =215) and females (n = 205) from different cities including Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Lahore, Gujrat, Sialkot and surrounding of these cities. Data was collected through snowball sampling from all these cities. Study participants were informed about the nature of the study and signed consent was obtained. Data was analyzed to establish construct validity of Urdu version of GMSR Scale. Results indicate that all scales and respective items of the Urdu version of original GMSR Scale show good fit. Reliability analysis through SPSS also indicated satisfactory values of Cronbach alpha. This study facilitated us to establish a valid and reliable measure for upcoming studies on Gender diversity and gender nonconformity in Pakistan using GMSR Scale. Keywords: Gender Diversity, Gender Nonconformity, Gender minority stress, resilience, Pakistan

Translation and Evaluation of Psychometric Properties of the Persian 8-Item Internalized Transphobia (IT) Scale in Iranian Transgenders

“…In this study, the value of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was acceptable for evaluating the internal consistency in the interval, other psychometric properties studies (stated in Table 5 ) also reported the acceptable value of this index ( 14 , 28 , 32 ). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was reported as 0.89 in the original study of this scale, which is slightly lower than the alpha calculated in the present study ( 6 ).…”

“…In the current study, 30 transgender people answered an 8-item IT scale again with an interval of two weeks, and by comparing the two response stages, the test-retest reliability was calculated through ICC, which showed a favorable value. The test-retest reliability is not mentioned in other psychometric studies ( 6 , 16 , 28 , 32 ).…”

“…The psychometric properties of the 8-item IT scale as part of the GMSR scale have been evaluated and confirmed in Pakistan, Italy, and Spain ( 28 , 31 , 32 ).…”

“…CVI and CVR indices were used to evaluate content validity, which was within the acceptable range. In other psychometric studies, the content validity assessment tool was not mentioned ( 6 , 28 , 32 ).…”

“…Testa et al, Hidalgo et al, and Scandurra et al used confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate construct validity ( Table 6 ), which was confirmed ( 6 , 14 , 28 ). However, Fatima et al used the Item total correlation method to evaluate construct validity ( 32 ).…”