Translation and use of parent-completed developmental screening test in Shanghai

Abstract

As part of efforts throughout China to improve the outcomes of individuals with disabilities, the Shanghai government has launched a campaign to screen at least 95 percent of newborns. To assist in meeting this goal, the Ages & Stages Questionnaires (ASQ), Third Edition, was translated into Chinese and the feasibility of a screening system using the ASQ-Chinese translation (ASQ-C) was investigated in Shanghai. Twenty-nine primary children’s healthcare clinics and several district-wide children’s healthcare institutes participated. Validity and reliability of the ASQ-C were studied as well as utility in pediatric clinics as part of well child visits. Using a sample of more than 8000 caregivers and children from 3 to 66 months of age, screening cutoff scores for each of the 19 ASQ-C intervals were determined, based on two standard deviations below the mean domain score. Inter-rater agreement between ASQ-C completed by 519 parents and a professional assessor was .89. Test-retest reliability for 651 caregivers who completed two ASQ-C at a 1–4 week interval was .91. Cronbach’s coefficient alpha measuring internal consistency ranged from .37 to .79. Convergent validity, measuring agreement between Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 2nd edition, and Denver II outcome categories (i.e. risk, typical) and ASQ-C outcomes (i.e. risk, typical), ranged from .57 to .94. Results from this pilot study suggest the ASQ-C is a promising screening instrument for identification of developmental problems in the Shanghai region. Implementation of a universal screening system in pediatric clinics has the potential to assist in early identification of developmental delays, referral to rehabilitative services, and improvement of developmental outcomes for young children and their families.

The psychometric properties of the Ages & Stages Questionnaires for ages 2‐2.5: a systematic review

“…Total sample sizes varied extensively, from 60 (Saihong ) to 45 640 (Filgueiras ), but most (72%, n = 13) ranged between approximately 100 and 3000 participants. Studies comprised convenience samples (Pomes ; Filgueiras ; Saihong ; Veldhuizen et al ), at‐risk groups (San Antonio et al ), non‐representative samples (Ivey‐Soto ; Kucuker et al ), stratified random samples (Heo ; Squires et al ; Squires et al ; Bian et al ; Heo & Squires ; Filgueiras ) and representative samples (de Wolff et al ; Filgueiras et al ; Kvestad et al ; Schonhaut et al ; Lopes et al ).…”

“…As well as its use in North America, it has been translated and used around the world; e.g. Europe (Kerstjens et al ; Sarmiento Campos et al ; Troude et al ; Østergaard et al ; Sidor et al ; Lopes et al ), Asia (Bian et al ; Saihong ; Bian et al ; Heo & Squires ; Juneja et al ), South America (Filgueiras et al ; Schonhaut et al ) and Australia (D'Aprano et al ).…”

Comparative use of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires in low‐ and middle‐income countries

“…factor analysis, item analysis, etc.) . Two studies reported on the ASQ's relation to other measures via correlations with a criterion measure .…”

“…factor analysis, item analysis, etc.). 33,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58] Two studies reported on the ASQ's relation to other measures via correlations with a criterion measure. 49,50 Finally, six studies reported on the consequences of ASQ use.…”

“…49,50 Finally, six studies reported on the consequences of ASQ use. 36,[49][50][51][52][53] Three reported on sensitivity and specificity; two examined the reasonableness of ASQ cut-offs in comparison to normative cut-offs in other countries; and one study addressed clinical implications of false screening results through examination of within-interval age variation.…”