Translation and cultural adaptation of the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) into Persian language

Measures of Foot Pain, Foot Function, and General Foot Health

“…Internal consistency (Cronbach’s α ) in the original study of 100 patients undergoing hallux valgus surgery for each subscale was as follows: walking/standing, 0.92; foot pain, 0.86; and social interaction, 0.73 . Similar results were subsequently observed in the translated versions, with the range of Cronbach’s α for each subscale as follows: walking/standing, 0.77 to 0.99; pain, 0.78 to 0.98; and social interaction, 0.70 to 0.99 . Test‐retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients) in 257 patients undergoing various foot and ankle surgical procedures for each subscale has been reported as follows: walking/standing, 0.96; pain, 0.94; and social interaction, 0.92 .…”

“…The MOXFQ has been translated and culturally adapted into Chinese , Dutch , German , Italian , Korean , Persian , Spanish , and Turkish . Danish, Finnish, Welsh, Lithuanian, Norwegian, and French versions are also available from Oxford University Innovation.…”

“…In the original study, no items exhibited a ceiling effect, but 2 items on the 20‐item scale exhibited a floor effect and were therefore excluded from the final 16‐item version . Subsequent studies using the 16‐item scale have generally shown floor and ceiling effects of less than 15% . However, the Spanish version exhibited a 20% ceiling effect for the walking/standing subscale because more than 50% of participants selected the highest score option for items 2 through 6 .…”

“…Test‐retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients) in 257 patients undergoing various foot and ankle surgical procedures for each subscale has been reported as follows: walking/standing, 0.96; pain, 0.94; and social interaction, 0.92 . Across the various language translations, test‐retest reliability has been reported as follows: walking/standing, 0.82 to 0.97; pain, 0.81 to 0.98; and social interaction, 0.82 to 0.96 .…”

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the hip disability and osteoarthritis score into persian language: Reassessment of validity and reliability

“…We assessed content validity by measuring the strength and direction of the association between SF-36 and the Persian version of the HOOS using Spearman's correlation coefficient. [ 20 21 ]…”