Translating Research into Improved Outcomes in Comprehensive Cancer Control

Abstract

A key question in moving comprehensive cancer control (CCC) plans into action is, to what extent should the knowledge gained from investments in cancer prevention and control research influence the actions taken by states, tribes, and territories during implementation? Underlying this 'should' is the assumption that evidence-based approaches (i.e., a public health or clinical intervention or policy that has resulted in improved outcomes when scientifically tested), when implemented in a real-world setting, will increase the likelihood of improved outcomes. This article elucidates the barriers and opportunities for integrating science with practice across the cancer control continuum. However, given the scope of CCC and the substantial investment in generating new knowledge through science, it is difficult for any one agency, on its own, to make a sufficient investment to ensure new knowledge is translated and implemented at a national, state, or local level. Thus, if greater demand for evidence-based interventions and increased resources for adopting them are going to support the dissemination initiatives described herein, new interagency partnerships must be developed to ensure that sufficient means are dedicated to integrating science with service. Furthermore, for these collaborations to increase both in size and in frequency, agency leaders must clearly articulate their support for these collaborative initiatives and explicitly recognize those collaborative efforts that are successful. In this way, the whole (in this context, comprehensive cancer control) can become greater than the sum of its parts.

Evidence-Based Public Health: A Fundamental Concept for Public Health Practice

“…Type 3 evidence derives from the context of an intervention (141). Although numerous authors have written about the role of context in informing evidence-based practice (32,60,77,90,92,93,140,141), there is little consensus on its definition. When moving from clinical interventions to population-level and policy interventions, context becomes more uncertain, variable, and complex (49).…”

If we only knew what we know: principles for knowledge sharing across people, practices, and platforms

“…An assumption to the contrary is a common error that leads to ineffective dissemination [12]. This is so even in the face of elaborate, multiple, and integrated dissemination systems to publicize public health and healthcare innovations at the national level [28]. Even with such a "push," worthy innovations can take decades to spread while ineffective innovations sometimes diffuse rapidly and sustain.…”

SHAPING THE CONTEXT OF HEALTH: A Review of Environmental and Policy Approaches in the Prevention of Chronic Diseases

“…The PLANET portal provides access to data and resources that can help planners, program staff, and researchers to design, implement and evaluate evidence-based cancer control programs. Active training and dissemination efforts are needed to increase the use of tools like the Community Guide and PLANET, which are currently underutilized (14,68,84).…”